Transport in Animals Flashcards
What is the circulatory system
System of a pump and valves and blood vessels that transport blood around the body
What are valves
Structures that only allow a singular direction flow of liquid
Describe the process of blood flow
Blood enters to the heart from the lungs, it is pumped towards the rest of the body and back into the heart to be pumped back into the lungs
What side of the heart contains which type of blood
Right - Deoxygenated blood
Left - Oxygenated blood
What are double circulatory systems
When blood enters/is pumped by the heart twice in one circuit
What is the advantage for double circulatory systems
- Higher pressure of blood
- Gets passed towards specific tissues that require it quicker
What are the four spaces in the heart called
Chambers
What is the structure that separates the left and right side of the heart
Septum
What is an atrium
Top two chambers in the heart
What is a ventricle
Bottom two chambers in the heart
Which vein does oxygenated blood enter from in the left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Which vein does deoxygenated blood enter from in the right atrium
Vena cava
What is the aorta
Largest artery that transports oxygenated pumped blood from the heart to the rest of the body
What is the pulmonary artery
Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What are atrioventricular valves
Valves that separate the atrium and ventricles
What are semilunar valves
Valves that separate the ventricles and arteries
What are coronary arteries
Arteries that supply blood and energy and nutrients into the muscles of the heart
What is CHD and why does it occur
Coronary Heart Disease
It occurs due to the narrowing of the lumen due to cholestrol. This prevents blood from entering the Coronary Arteries
How does one prevent CHD
- no smoking
- less cholestrol/ fat intensive food
- more exercise
What is an ECG
Electro Cardio Graph measures the pulse rate
What is the pulse rate
The expansion and contraction of the heart per minute
Which side is the bicuspid valve and which side is the tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve - right
Tricuspid valve - left
What types of blood vessels are there
Arteries, Capillaries, Veins
Which direction do arteries move the blood
from the heart to the rest of the body
What is a capillary
a blood vessel that transports blood to every part of the body
Which direction do veins move the blood
from the body into the heart
Do arteries carry low pressure or high pressure blood and why
High pressure blood since it has recently been pumped
2 parts of arteries that allow it to flow blood better and why
Thick, Elastic walls
Small lumen
All contribute to the high pressure flow of blood
What is the function of a capillary
To transport blood to every part of the body
Why are capillaries thin
To reach into smaller spaces and increase surface area - diffusion of blood
Why aren’t veins narrow
Since there is low blood pressure
Why do veins have valves and arteries dont
Low blood pressure could cause it to move in the other direction. Valves prevent that from happening.
What organ do the hepatic arteries supply blood to
Liver
What is blood
Blood is a liquid that contains cells
What is the liquid part of blood
Plasma
What are platelets and where are they formed
Platelets are cells that perform blood clotting. They’re formed in the bone marrow
Why are red blood cells red
Due to the presence of haemoglobin
Why do RBCs not have a nucleus
Since they need space to carry oxygen
Why are RBCs shaped as a bioconcave
To increase surface area - diffusion of blood is faster
Why are RBCs small in size
They travel faster and easier
Do WBCs have nucleus
Yes
What is the function of a WBC
To fight pathogens and remove dead cells
What is phagocytosis
THe process of phagocytes engulfing pathogens
What do lymphocytes do
They produce antibodies to kill pathogens
What are the functions of platelets
Perform blood clotting
Why does blood clotting occur
Prevent blood loss, and the entry of pathogens
How does blood clotting occur
Blood clotting occurs when the platelets excrete a substance that makes fibrinogen an insoluble protein called fibrin. They form a mesh around the wound. Platelets clump together to form a blood clot.
Name all 8 components of plasma
- Water
- Dissolvable Gases
- Excretory products
- Hormones
- Lipids and Fats
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Mineral ions
