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Biology - 9 > Transport in Animals > Flashcards

Transport in Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circulatory system

A

System of a pump and valves and blood vessels that transport blood around the body

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2
Q

What are valves

A

Structures that only allow a singular direction flow of liquid

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3
Q

Describe the process of blood flow

A

Blood enters to the heart from the lungs, it is pumped towards the rest of the body and back into the heart to be pumped back into the lungs

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4
Q

What side of the heart contains which type of blood

A

Right - Deoxygenated blood
Left - Oxygenated blood

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5
Q

What are double circulatory systems

A

When blood enters/is pumped by the heart twice in one circuit

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6
Q

What is the advantage for double circulatory systems

A
  • Higher pressure of blood
  • Gets passed towards specific tissues that require it quicker
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7
Q

What are the four spaces in the heart called

A

Chambers

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8
Q

What is the structure that separates the left and right side of the heart

A

Septum

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9
Q

What is an atrium

A

Top two chambers in the heart

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10
Q

What is a ventricle

A

Bottom two chambers in the heart

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11
Q

Which vein does oxygenated blood enter from in the left atrium

A

Pulmonary vein

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12
Q

Which vein does deoxygenated blood enter from in the right atrium

A

Vena cava

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13
Q

What is the aorta

A

Largest artery that transports oxygenated pumped blood from the heart to the rest of the body

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14
Q

What is the pulmonary artery

A

Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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15
Q

What are atrioventricular valves

A

Valves that separate the atrium and ventricles

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16
Q

What are semilunar valves

A

Valves that separate the ventricles and arteries

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17
Q

What are coronary arteries

A

Arteries that supply blood and energy and nutrients into the muscles of the heart

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18
Q

What is CHD and why does it occur

A

Coronary Heart Disease
It occurs due to the narrowing of the lumen due to cholestrol. This prevents blood from entering the Coronary Arteries

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19
Q

How does one prevent CHD

A
  • no smoking
  • less cholestrol/ fat intensive food
  • more exercise
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20
Q

What is an ECG

A

Electro Cardio Graph measures the pulse rate

21
Q

What is the pulse rate

A

The expansion and contraction of the heart per minute

22
Q

Which side is the bicuspid valve and which side is the tricuspid valve

A

Bicuspid valve - right
Tricuspid valve - left

23
Q

What types of blood vessels are there

A

Arteries, Capillaries, Veins

24
Q

Which direction do arteries move the blood

A

from the heart to the rest of the body

25
Q

What is a capillary

A

a blood vessel that transports blood to every part of the body

26
Q

Which direction do veins move the blood

A

from the body into the heart

27
Q

Do arteries carry low pressure or high pressure blood and why

A

High pressure blood since it has recently been pumped

28
Q

2 parts of arteries that allow it to flow blood better and why

A

Thick, Elastic walls
Small lumen
All contribute to the high pressure flow of blood

29
Q

What is the function of a capillary

A

To transport blood to every part of the body

30
Q

Why are capillaries thin

A

To reach into smaller spaces and increase surface area - diffusion of blood

31
Q

Why aren’t veins narrow

A

Since there is low blood pressure

32
Q

Why do veins have valves and arteries dont

A

Low blood pressure could cause it to move in the other direction. Valves prevent that from happening.

33
Q

What organ do the hepatic arteries supply blood to

A

Liver

34
Q

What is blood

A

Blood is a liquid that contains cells

35
Q

What is the liquid part of blood

A

Plasma

36
Q

What are platelets and where are they formed

A

Platelets are cells that perform blood clotting. They’re formed in the bone marrow

37
Q

Why are red blood cells red

A

Due to the presence of haemoglobin

38
Q

Why do RBCs not have a nucleus

A

Since they need space to carry oxygen

39
Q

Why are RBCs shaped as a bioconcave

A

To increase surface area - diffusion of blood is faster

40
Q

Why are RBCs small in size

A

They travel faster and easier

41
Q

Do WBCs have nucleus

A

Yes

42
Q

What is the function of a WBC

A

To fight pathogens and remove dead cells

43
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

THe process of phagocytes engulfing pathogens

44
Q

What do lymphocytes do

A

They produce antibodies to kill pathogens

45
Q

What are the functions of platelets

A

Perform blood clotting

46
Q

Why does blood clotting occur

A

Prevent blood loss, and the entry of pathogens

47
Q

How does blood clotting occur

A

Blood clotting occurs when the platelets excrete a substance that makes fibrinogen an insoluble protein called fibrin. They form a mesh around the wound. Platelets clump together to form a blood clot.

48
Q

Name all 8 components of plasma

A
  • Water
  • Dissolvable Gases
  • Excretory products
  • Hormones
  • Lipids and Fats
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Mineral ions

Biology - 9 (11 decks)

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