Transport in Plants

Question 1

Translocation

Answer 1

The transportation of sucrose and amino acids by the phloem up and down the plant

Question 2

Phloem

Answer 2

Involved in translation, it consists of living s with cell walls made of cellulose. Sieve plates connect two cells to form drive tubes. Contains thin cell wall (short distance for active transport) that are permeable.

Question 3

Transpiration

Answer 3

The loss of water vapour from the leaves (evaporation) from the surface of a plant

Question 4

Transpiration Stream

Answer 4

Due to transpiration, it pulls water up the xylem in a continuous column called the transpiration stream

Question 5

Stomata

Answer 5

Found on the lower surface of the leaf (lower epidermis), it can’t go on top as it is too windy and hot. It is where transpiration occurs/ water leaves the leaf

Question 6

Guard cells

Answer 6

I’m the light water enters via osmosis causing them to become turgid. In dark the cells lose water via osmosis and becomes flaccid, the stomata now closes. This is because guard cells contain chloroplasts in light they photosynthesis.

Question 7

Transpiration factors: Light intensity

Answer 7

Increase in light intensity = Increase rate of transpiration as the stomata is open and more cells can photosynthesise meaning rate of evaporation is higher

Question 8

Transpiration factors: Temperature

Answer 8

Increase in temperature = Increase in transpiration as the water particles have more energy and rate of evaporation is higher

Question 9

Transpiration factors: Humidity

Answer 9

More humidity = Decrease in rate of transpiration as air more humid means more water particles are in the air and it maintains a low concentration gradient

Question 10

Transpiration factors: Air Flow

Answer 10

Increase in wind speed = Increase rate of transpiration as a high wind speed will maintain a high concentration gradient

Question 11

Xylem

Answer 11

Made of dead cells that carries mineral ions and water up the cell. The cell walls are made of lignin meaning it is very strong, thick (meaning there is a high negative pressure) and waterproof. Contains no cytoplasm.

Question 12

Root hairs

Answer 12

Main site of water absorption via active transport (mineral ions) and osmosis (water). They don’t contain chloroplasts as they are underground and can’t photosynthesis.

Question 13

Adaptations of root hair cells

Answer 13

Hairs increase surface area so the cell can absorb water and mineral ions more effectively.