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Biology GCSE > Transport in humans > Flashcards

Transport in humans Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of the heart

A

Ventricle (lower), atrium (higher), left is right, right is left. Left side pumps oxygenated blood, Right side pumps deoxygenated blood.

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2
Q

Thickness of heart

A

Left ventricle is much thicker than right to allow blood to pump at high pressures to travel around the whole body

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3
Q

Lungs

A

Pulmonary

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4
Q

Liver

A

Hepatic

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5
Q

Gut —> Liver

A

Hepatic portal vein

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6
Q

Heart —> Gut

A

Mesenteric Artery

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7
Q

Kidneys

A

Renal

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8
Q

Red blood cells

A
  • carry oxygen around the body (binds to haemoglobin)
  • no nucleus (more oxygen)
  • biconcave shape (increase SA)
  • flexible (fits through vessels)
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9
Q

Plasma

A
  • straw coloured liquid
  • transports CO2, urea, hormones, heat energy
  • transports blood cells and dissolved nutrients
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10
Q

White blood cells

A

Kill off bacteria using phagocytes and lymphocytes

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11
Q

Phagocytes

A

Engulf and digest pathogens

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

produce antibodies (bind and destroy pathogens)

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13
Q

platelets

A
  • cell fragments releases chemicals

- stops bacteria from entering the wound

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14
Q

Artery

A

Away from heart

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15
Q

Vein

A

Towards the heart

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16
Q

Adrenaline

A

-Is a hormone that delivers more oxygen to respiring muscles increases breathing rate

17
Q

coronary heart disease

A

When fatty deposits a build up in artery walls that causes heart attacks as less oxygen reach heart and builds up lactic acid

18
Q

Artery Components

A
  • Thick muscular wall (high pressure)
  • Elastic fibres and muscles (allows stretch and recoil)
  • Thick outer wall
  • small lumen
19
Q

Vein components

A
  • Large lumen
  • Thin outer wall
  • Valves (prevent back flow)
20
Q

Capillary component

A
  • Very small lumen

- One cell thick wall

21
Q

Factors effecting risk of coronary heart disease

A
  • Smoking
  • Not exercising
  • bad diet
22
Q

Why do we need a transport system for multicellular organisms

A

They cannot rely on diffusion alone to supply substances

Biology GCSE (12 decks)

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