Transport in humans Flashcards
Structure of the heart
Ventricle (lower), atrium (higher), left is right, right is left. Left side pumps oxygenated blood, Right side pumps deoxygenated blood.
Thickness of heart
Left ventricle is much thicker than right to allow blood to pump at high pressures to travel around the whole body
Lungs
Pulmonary
Liver
Hepatic
Gut —> Liver
Hepatic portal vein
Heart —> Gut
Mesenteric Artery
Kidneys
Renal
Red blood cells
- carry oxygen around the body (binds to haemoglobin)
- no nucleus (more oxygen)
- biconcave shape (increase SA)
- flexible (fits through vessels)
Plasma
- straw coloured liquid
- transports CO2, urea, hormones, heat energy
- transports blood cells and dissolved nutrients
White blood cells
Kill off bacteria using phagocytes and lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Engulf and digest pathogens
Lymphocytes
produce antibodies (bind and destroy pathogens)
platelets
- cell fragments releases chemicals
- stops bacteria from entering the wound
Artery
Away from heart
Vein
Towards the heart
Adrenaline
-Is a hormone that delivers more oxygen to respiring muscles increases breathing rate
coronary heart disease
When fatty deposits a build up in artery walls that causes heart attacks as less oxygen reach heart and builds up lactic acid
Artery Components
- Thick muscular wall (high pressure)
- Elastic fibres and muscles (allows stretch and recoil)
- Thick outer wall
- small lumen
Vein components
- Large lumen
- Thin outer wall
- Valves (prevent back flow)
Capillary component
- Very small lumen
- One cell thick wall
Factors effecting risk of coronary heart disease
- Smoking
- Not exercising
- bad diet
Why do we need a transport system for multicellular organisms
They cannot rely on diffusion alone to supply substances
