Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Transport in humans > Flashcards

Transport in humans Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the components in the blood and their percentage

A
  • Plasma: 55%
  • Red blood cells: 45%
  • White blood cells and platelets: <1%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is plasma

A

A straw-coloured liquid which transports substances in the blood

It has the following functions:
- Transports CO2
- Transports digested foods and minerals
- Transport heat to cold areas in our body
- Transports urea to kidneys
- Transports hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are red blood cells

A

Biconcave discs which increases surface area. Specialised cells which carry oxygen to respiring cells
No nucleus to pack more haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are platelets

A

Fragments of cells which help with blood clotting

If skin gets damaged, platelets rush to the wound. Reactions take place in the plasma
Platelets release chemicals that trap red blood cells at the wound, creating a scab which prevents bacteria from getting in which may cause infections

Blood clotting helps minimise blood loss and prevent microorganisms from entering the wound which may cause infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are white blood cells

A

White blood cells are part of our immune system

There are 2 types: Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

Phagocytes:
- Carry out phagocytosis (engulf and digest pathogens)
- They have multi-lobed nucleus and granulated cytoplasm

Lymphocytes:
- They have a large, circular nucleus which takes up most of the cell
- They release antibodies (Y-shaped proteins) which are complimentary to the shape of the antigen
- The antibodies cause chemicals to be released which signal the pathogens for destruction
- They also prevent pathogens from moving easily
- They release antitoxins which neutralise the toxins released by the pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the chambers of the heart

A
  • right atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which side of the heart is oxygenated blood carried in

A

the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which side of the heart is deoxygenated blood carried in

A

the right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle

A

The thicker walls of the left ventricle help pump the blood at a higher pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the coronary artery

A

The artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the functions of the valves

A

they prevent blood backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In order, what is the pathway of blood in the heart

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart through the vena cava
  2. The deoxygenated blood in the right atrium is pushed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
  3. The right ventricle contracts and pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries where it passes through its capillaries and passes by the alveoli where gas exchange takes place
  4. The oxygenated blood enters the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium
  5. The left atrium contracts and pushes the blood through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle
  6. The left ventricle contracts and pumps the blood to the rest of the body through the aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is heart rate measured in

A

bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What controls the resting heart rate

A

Pacemakers. Cells in the right atrium. They send out electrical impulses which forces the heart to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may cause heart rate to increase

A

When exercising, our cells respire more therefore require more oxygen and glucose therefore more blood needs to be pumped

So our heart rate increases as well as the volume of blood pumped

after exercising, we will maintain our quick heart rate for a while to pay off oxygen debt

the time it takes for our heart rate to go back to normal is called the recovery time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different types of blood vessels

A
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
17
Q

Describe function and adaptations of arteries

A
  • They carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
  • They have thick, muscular walls with elastic fibres to withstand and maintain a high blood pressure
  • Narrow lumen helps maintain high blood pressure
  • Blood flow is fast
18
Q

Describe functions and adaptations of veins

A
  • Thin walls
  • Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
  • Large lumen to maintain low blood pressure
  • Blood flow is slow
  • Contain valves to prevent blood backflow
19
Q

Describe the functions and adaptations of capillaries

A
  • Carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within out tissues
  • Walls are one-cell thick to reduce diffusion distance
  • Blood flow is slow
  • Has leaky walls
20
Q

What are the lymphatic cells

A

Lymphatic vessels carry excess tissue fluid that leaked out the capillaries back to the circulatory system

21
Q

Name all the lymphatic vessels and their function

A
  • Aorta, carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
  • Hepatic artery, carries oxygenated blood to the liver
  • Mesenteric artery, carries oxygenated blood to the gut
  • Renal artery, carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys
  • Renal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from kidney back to the heart
  • Hepatic portal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from the gut to the liver
  • Hepatic vein, carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the heart
  • Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
  • Pulmonary artery, carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
  • Pulmonary vein, carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
22
Q

What is coronary heart disease

A

The build up of fatty plaques in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the coronary heart muscles and therefore their oxygen supply

The build up of fatty plaques makes the coronary artery lose its elasticity so cannot stretch when blood is pumped

Partial blockage can lead to angina
Complete blockage can lead to heart attack

23
Q

Explain the risk factors of coronary heart disease

A

Obesity
- Added weight puts strain on the heart
- Can lead to diabetes which further damages blood vessels

High blood pressure
- Increases the force of blood against the artery walls which may damage them

High cholesterol
- Speeds up the build up of fatty plaque in coronary arteries

Smoking
- Smoke contains chemicals which speed up the build up of fatty plaques in coronary arteries and increases blood pressure
- Carbon monoxide also reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the red blood cells

Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions