transport in cells

Question 1

what are the two types of transport through cell membranes

Answer 1

passive and active

Question 2

give two examples of passive movement and one example of active movement

Answer 2

passive= diffusion & osmosis
active= active transport

Question 3

what is the difference between passive transport and active transport

Answer 3

passive does not require ATP (cellular energy) but active does require ATP

Question 4

what is diffusion

Answer 4

the passive movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 5

name 3 factors affecting diffusion

Answer 5

1. temperature
2. concentration gradient
3. surface area

Question 6

how does temperature affect the diffusion rate

Answer 6

the higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy. This means that the particles will begin to move faster thus increasing the infusion rate

Question 7

how does the concentration gradient affect diffusion

Answer 7

when there is a large concentration gradient, there is more space on the side of the lower concentration for particles to move to, and therefore the rate of diffusion is high

Question 8

how does the concentration gradient affect diffusion

Answer 8

when there is a large concentration gradient, there is more space on the side of the lower concentration for particles to move to, and therefore the rate of diffusion is high

Question 9

how does surface area affect the diffusion rate

Answer 9

the higher the surface area, the faster the diffusion rate

Question 10

name a few examples of diffusion in living organisms

Answer 10

-oxygen diffuses from a high conc in the alveoli to a low conc in the blood so it can be transported to the body cells
-Co2 and o2 diffuse in and out leaf cells

Question 11

define osmosis

Answer 11

the passive diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

distinguish between a solute, solvent and solution

Answer 12

solute= what is added (salt)
solvent= what the solute is added to (water)
solution= the mixture of the solute and solvent (salt water)

Question 13

how do animal cells react when surrounded by different concentrations

Answer 13

-Shrivelled cell
Outside= concentrated inside= dilute

-burst/lysed cell
outside= dilute inside=concentrated

-unnafeced
same conc inside and outside of cell

Question 14

how do plant cells react when placed in different concentrations

Answer 14

-plasmolysed cell
inside= dilute outside= concentrated

-turgid cell
inside=concentrated outside=dilute

-flaccid cell
outside and inside same conc

Question 15

what is reverse osmosis

Answer 15

when pressure is used to force water against its natural direction from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution, making it an active process

Question 16

define active transport

Answer 16

the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration requiring cellular energy (happens in only living things)

Question 17

give two examples of active transport in living organisms

Answer 17

glucose going against its concentration gradient when glucose in the blood increases its concentration, it will be higher then the concentration in the small intestine during digestion

when minerals move against their concentration gradient to enter the cell using active transport when the root hair cells of plants absorb minerals that are found in lower concentration in the soil then in the cell