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bioligy g10 > human circulation > Flashcards

human circulation Flashcards

1
Q

what does the human circulatory system consist of

A

the heart
blood vessels
blood

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2
Q

what are the four components of blood

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

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3
Q

what is haemoglobin

A

haemoglobin is a pigment. It is a protein and also contains iron. The iron in haemoglobin binds to oxygen and carbon dioxide. This helps reduce blood cells carry oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs

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4
Q

name a few adaptations in red blood cells

A

-biconcave shape to create a large surface area to volume ratio and speed up the diffusion rate
-no nucleus or organelles to create more space for carrying oxygen

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5
Q

what are the functions of white blood cells

A

to protect the body from pathogens and clear up any dead body cells

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6
Q

what are the two types of white blood cells

A

phagocytes and lymphocytes

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7
Q

distinguish between phagocytes and lymphocytes

A

-phagocytes have a lobed nucleus, whilst lymphocytes have a large nucleus
-phagocytes engulf pathogens whilst lymphocytes release antibodies
-phagocytes have a irregular shape whilst lymphocytes have a regular and round shape

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8
Q

what are platelets

A

small fragments of cells without a nucleus, made in the bone marrow. Their main function is to help blood clot at the site of a wound

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9
Q

how does blood clot at the site of a wound

A

1.platelets gather to help plug the leak, and a soluble protein called fibroses is found in the blood
2.the platelets release chemicals that turn the soluble fibrinogen into an insoluble protein called fibrin.
3. the fibrin forms a meshwork of threads that bind all the blood cells together forming a blood clot, sealing the wound off

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10
Q

what is plasma

A

straw coloured liquid mostly made of water that transports many dissolved substances around the body

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11
Q

name a few substances transported by the blood plasma

A

-Carbon dioxide (respiration waste)
-urea (deamination waste)
-hormones (chemical messengers)
-heat energy (created in respiration and transferred to cooler body parts)

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12
Q

who can blood type A donate to and receive from

A

donate to A , AB
receive from A , 0

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13
Q

who can blood type B donate to and receive from

A

donate to B , AB
receive from B , O

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14
Q

who can blood type AB donate to and receive from

A

donate to AB
receive from AB, A, B, O

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15
Q

Who can blood type O donate to and receive from

A

donate to O, AB, A, B
receive from O

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16
Q

what is the rhesus factor (Rh)

A

an antigen that can be found on the surface of the red blood cells, if someone has it then they are positive, if they don’t have it then they are negative

17
Q

Describe arteries

A

vessels that carry the blood away from the heart at a high blood pressure
they have thick walls, narrow lumens and elastic tissue

18
Q

describe veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. They have mid blood pressure, thin walls and wide lumens. Veins also have valves to prevent back flow .

19
Q

what are valves

A

special structures found in mainly veins and the heart that keep blood moving in one direction. They have a special shape that opens when blood flows in one direction and closes if the blood behinds to fall back.

20
Q

what are capillaries

A

very small blood vessels that reach each part of the body in order to provide the body with requirements. they are only one cell thick for short diffusion distance, and also have a small lumen.

21
Q

why is the human blood system called a double circulatory system

A

bevahse the blood passes through the heart twice during one complete circuit of the body

22
Q

what is the aorta

A

the main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

23
Q

what is the aorta

A

the main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

24
Q

what is the vena cava

A

the main vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the hesrt

25
Q

what is the pulmonary artery

A

an artery that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen

26
Q

what is the pulmonary artery

A

an artery that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen

27
Q

what is the pulmonary vein

A

a vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

28
Q

what is the coronary artery

A

an artery that supplies the heart muscle with oxygen

29
Q

what is the septum

A

the separation between the right and left sides of the heart

30
Q

what is the lub dub sound caused by

A

The lub= the closing of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
The dub= the closing of the semi lunar valves

31
Q

how much tissue fluid enters the lymphatic system

A

10%

32
Q

why are lymphatic vessels found close to the muscles

A

so that the muscular contractions help to push the lymph in the correct direction

33
Q

what is created in the lymph nodes

A

lymphocytes

34
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

1- drain excess fluids
2- destroy bacteria by producing white blood cells
3- absorb fats- from lacteals in the villi of the small intestine and then transport and empty them into the bloodstream

bioligy g10 (8 decks)

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