Transplantation Flashcards
What are the three principal sources of transplant material?
Autologous (from the same patient)
Allogenic (from a different person)
Xenogenic (from an animal)
What are two key parts of transplanted tissue that need matching?
Blood group antigens MHC molecules (HLA)
What class of antibodies are all of the blood group antibodies?
IgM
What is the rhesus D antigen?
This is another blood type that is matched for, If a RhD -ve woman has a RhD +ve child then she may develop atobodies against the rhesus antigens as her child is born. This means a second child may be attacked by these antigens.
What are the types of HLA?
There are 3 class I HLA (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C) There are also 3 class II HLA (HLA-DR, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ)
How many sets of HLA antigens do each of us have and how are they determined?
Each of us have 2 sets inherited one from our mother and one from our father
What is the chance of two siblings inheriting the same 6 HLAs?
25%
How is the problem of lack of tolerance to transplanted organs overcome?
Patients are given immunosuppresion to inhibit T cells
What is acute allograft rejection?
occurs usually within 7 days post transplant and is mediated by t cell rejection of the graft.
What is a chronic allograft rejection?
The adaptive immune response gradually rejects the tissue.
What does the term conditioning refer to before a haematopoietic stem cell transplant?
a high dose of chemotherapy that is given to the patient prior to the transplant to allow space for the transplant cells to grow.
How do immunosuppresants work?
They block the proliferation of lymphocytes or inhibit T cell activation
