L22-Vaccination

Question 1

What are some features of an ideal vaccine?

Answer 1

Safe
Prevent the disease
Life long protection
Easy to administer
Stable (can be given in hot climates)
Cheap

Question 2

What are the main types and sub-types of vaccination?

Answer 2

Whole micro-organism
-live attenuated
-Dead
Subunit of microorganism
-Inactivated toxin
-recombinant proteins
-Polysaccharide
-Conjugate vaccines

Question 3

What type of vaccine is the most immunogenic (produces the strongest immune response)

Answer 3

Live whole micro-organisms produce the most immunogenic response. However they are more risky.

Question 4

What are adjuvants?

Answer 4

They are materials injected with the vaccine that enhance the immune response. They do this by making the antigens more easily phagocytosed and by releasing the antigens slowly over a longer period of time.
Co-administrations and oil in water are other types of adjuvants

Question 5

What is a conjugate vaccine and how does it work?

Answer 5

A conjugate vaccine is created by covalently attaching a poor antigen to a strong antigen thereby eliciting a stronger immunological response to the poor antigen.

Question 6

What are passive immune treatments?

Answer 6

They use pre-formed elements of the immune system to transfer to a person so their body does not have to produce an immune response e.g. maternal IgG antibodies