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GIT Revision > Transplantation > Flashcards

Transplantation Flashcards

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1
Q

Autograft

A

One part of body to another

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2
Q

Isograft

A

Between genetically identical individuals (e.g. monozygotic twins)

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3
Q

Allograft

A

Between different members of same species

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4
Q

Xenograft

A

Between members of different species

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5
Q

What is the difference between first- and second-set rejection? Why?

A

Second-set is accelerated due to presence of a specific memory immune response

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6
Q

Which immune cell is primarily responsible for rejection?

A

T cell

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7
Q

Where are the MHC genes encoded?

A

Ch 6

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8
Q

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II?

A

MHC I: universally expressed, cytoplasm derived proteins, presents to CD8+ T cells
MHC II: expressed by APCs, EC derived proteins, presents to CD4+ T cells

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9
Q

What is hyperacute rejection and what is the underlying cause?

A

Rejection within hours

Antibody-mediated due to presence of pre-formed antibodies from previous blood transfusion, pregnancy or transplant

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10
Q

What is acute rejection and what is the underlying cause?

A

Rejection within weeks

Primary activation of T cells

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11
Q

What is chronic rejection and what is the underlying cause?

A 
Rejection within months or years
Cause unclear (antibodies, immune complexes, slow cellular reaction, recurrence of disease)
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12
Q

What are the histological characteristics of acute rejection?

A

Mononuclear cells invade graft

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13
Q

What are the histological characteristics of chronic rejection?

A

Intimal fibrosis

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14
Q

Mechanism of action of cyclosporin

A

Fungal metabolite which inhibits calcineurin to decrease IL-2 transcription, preventing T cell activation

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15
Q

Side effects of cyclosporin

A

Nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of tacrolimus

A

Binds FK-binding protein which binds calcineurin, prevents transcription of IL-2 and therefore T cell activation

17
Q

What are the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of steroids?

A

Anti-inflammatory: decreased circulating lymphocytes, neutrophil enzyme release, monocyte activity
Immunosuppressive: decreased lymphocyte proliferation, Ag presentation

18
Q

Azathioprine

A

Anti-proliferative drug

19
Q

Mycophenalate

A

Anti-proliferative drug

20
Q

Rapamycin

A

Anti-proliferative drug

21
Q

Mechanism of action of anti-proliferative drugs

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis (blocks IL-2 production and therefore T cell expansion)

GIT Revision (37 decks)

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