Nausea and Vomiting

Question 1

What are the 2 major inputs to the vomiting centre?

Answer 1

Vestibular nuclei

CTZ

Question 2

What receptors are on the vestibular nuclei?

Answer 2

H1

Muscarinic

Question 3

What receptors are on the CTZ?

Answer 3

D2
5HT3
Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor

Question 4

What does the CTZ respond to?

Answer 4

Circulating toxins (due to location outside the BBB)

Question 5

Dimenhydrinate

Answer 5

H1-receptor antagonist

Question 6

Promethazine

Answer 6

H1-receptor antagonist (Phenergen)

Question 7

Hyoscine hydrobromide

Answer 7

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Question 8

Metoclopramide

Answer 8

D2-receptor antagonist

5HT4 agonist

Question 9

Prochlorperazine

Answer 9

D2-receptor antagonist

Question 10

Indications for D2-receptor antagonists

Answer 10

Chemotherapy

Question 11

Adverse effects of D2-receptor antagonists

Answer 11

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 12

Ondansetron

Answer 12

5HT3-receptor antagonist

Question 13

Aprepitant

Answer 13

NK1-receptor antagonist

Question 14

What are the 5 classes of anti-emetic drugs?

Answer 14

H1-receptor antagonists
Muscarinic receptor antagonists
D2-receptor antagonists
5HT3-receptor antagonists
NK1-receptor antagonists

Question 15

What anti-emetic drugs are used to treat motion sickness?

Answer 15

H1-receptor antagonists

Muscarinic antagonists