Transmission of hemoflagellates, mucosoflagellates, and cilliates

Question 1

Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 1

Reduviid bugs – feed at night on sleeping hosts and deposit feces carrying T. cruzi at feeding sites – organism rubbed into feeding site or mucous membranes

Question 2

Trypanosoma lewisi:

Answer 2

Northern rat flea

Question 3

Trypanosoma theileri:

Answer 3

Horse flies (Tabanid flies)

Question 4

Trypanosoma brucei

Answer 4

Tse tse fly

Question 5

Trypanosoma equiperdum

Answer 5

by breeding

Question 6

Leishmania

Answer 6

Sand flies

Question 7

Chilomastix mesnili

Answer 7

Ingestion of cysts (contamination of drinking water)

Question 8

Giardia

Answer 8

Trophozoites live in small intestine, adhering to epithelial cells  divide by binary fission  multiply rapidly  as feces enter colon and dehydrate, encysting occurs  flagella shorten/ wall is secreted  pass out in feces ————– cyst is swallowed  excyst in duodenum  flagella grow out

Question 9

Trichomonas tenax

Answer 9

Live only in mouth – transmission is direct by kissing, sharing drinking utensils, etc

Question 10

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 10

Lives in vagina, urethra of female / prostate, seminal vesicles, urethra of male – transmission  STD; to newborns from mother; soiled cloths, etc. (possibly by AI??)

Question 11

Pentatrichomonas hominis

Answer 11

transmission by fecal contamination

Question 12

Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle

Answer 12

transmission of breeding

Question 13

Histomonas meleagridis (Blackhead/Histomoniasis)

Answer 13

If worm eggs are eaten by birds, they hatch in intestine, and Hetarakis (worm) moves to cecum, where protozoan exits the worm

Question 14

Dientamoeba fragilis

Answer 14

Unknown

Question 15

Balantidium coli

Answer 15

fecal-oral route, usually cyst form