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Biology Of The Mind > Transmission + NTs > Flashcards

Transmission + NTs Flashcards

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0
Q

How many connexin subunits make up 1 connexon (hemichannel)?

A

6

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1
Q

Gap junctions are formed from 2 ______ between two neurones?

A

Hemichannels (connexon)

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2
Q

Distance across an electrical synapse is?

Distance across chemical synapse is?

A

3.5nm

30-50nm

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3
Q

Electrical synapses function by what agent of transmission?

A

Ionic current

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4
Q

Synaptic delay:

  • Electrical?
  • Chemical?
A
  • none

- 1-5 ms (min 0.3ms)

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5
Q

Are chemical/electrical synapses unidirectional or bidirectional?

A

Chemical: unidirectional

Electrical: bidirectional

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6
Q

Peptide NTs are synthesised in ___ and stored in___?

Amine and AA NTs are synthesised in ___ and stored in___?

A

Cell body, large dense core vesicles (90-250nm)

Synaptic terminal, small clear vesicles (40-60nm)

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7
Q

A single neurone can produce and release >1 NT. This is called?

A

Co-existence / co-transmission

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8
Q

Which vesicle bound SNARE protein binds to SNAP-25 causing vesicle docking/priming?

A

Synaptobrevin

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9
Q

What is synaptotagmin and what role does it have?

A
  • Vesicle bound SNARE protein
  • Ca sensor
  • Involved in fusion of vesicle to montane
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10
Q

What is an MEPP and an EPP?

A

(Miniature) end plate potential

EPP = multiples of MEPPs (single vesicle release)
EPP is action potential dependent

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11
Q

An IPSP is due to influx of which ion?

A

Cl-

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12
Q

Which type of synapse is more common, electrical or chemical?

A

Chemical

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13
Q

Glutamate is removed from synapse by?

A

EAATs (excitatory amino acid transporters)

- in glial cells and presynaptic terminal

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14
Q

Glutamate taken up into glial cells is converted to _____ by ________?

A

Glutamine

Glutamine synthase

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15
Q

Precursor for glutamate is___?

Converted to glutamate by what enzyme?

A

GLUTAMINE

Glutaminase

16
Q

Too much glutamate can be toxic to neurones. This is called____? And can cause?

A

Excitotoxicity

Epilepsy, ischemia, hypoglycemia

17
Q

GABA is synthesised from _____ by ______?

A

Glutamate

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (an co-factor pyridoxal phosphate, vit B6 derivative)

18
Q

GABA is removed from synapse and taken up into glia and neurones by____?

A

GABA transporters

Na dependent co-transporters

19
Q

Effects of benzodiazepines, barbiturates and alcohol work by _______ of GABA signalling?

A

Potentiation

20
Q

Co-release of small molecule and peptide NTs occurs at what kind of stimulation?

A

High frequency stimulation

NB: only small molecule NTs released at low freq stimulus

21
Q

How many transmembrane domains do subunits of IONOTROPIC receptors have?

A

4 transmembrane helices

Or 3 + pore loop

22
Q

The nicotinic Ach R is permeable to which ions,?

A

Na+
K+
Sometimes Ca2+

23
Q

Glutamate IONOTROPIC receptors have how many subunits?

A

4 (tetramer)

24
Q

Which IONOTROPIC receptors are pentamers?

A

GABA, nACh, 5-HT, Glycine

25
Q

The co-agonist for the NMDA receptor is?

A

Glycine

26
Q

Why is NMDA receptor only active during high frequency stimulation?

A

In hyperpolarized state Mg2+ blocks pore

Depolarization removes Mg2+

27
Q

How many subunits do METABOTROPIC receptors have?

A

One

They are MONOMERIC

28
Q

Extracellular domain of metabotropic receptors made up of domains ____?

A

2,3,6+7

29
Q

G protein binds to which domains of metabotropic intracellular domain?

A

Loop between domains 5 and 6

C-terminus

30
Q

What type of synaptic connection controls NT release?

A

Axo-axonic

32
Q

Axo-dendritic synapses are usually inhibitory or excitatory?

A

Excitatory

33
Q

What is neural integration?

A

Summation of EPSPs and IPSPs
Multiple synaptic potentials combine within one postsynaptic neurone

Occurs at axon hillock

34
Q

Temporal summation is…

A

One synaptic input

APs fired in quick succession

35
Q

Spatial summation…

A

> 1 synaptic input arrive at same time

36
Q

Axo-somatic synapses occur at the ______?

A

Axon hillock

37
Q

Normal direction of AP propagation is…?

A

Orthodromic

Biology Of The Mind (9 decks)

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