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Biology Of The Mind > Nervous System Organisation > Flashcards

Nervous System Organisation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What kind of nerves go from periphery to CNS?

A

Afferent (sensory)

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1
Q

What kind of nerves go from CNS to periphery (PNS)?

A

Efferent (motor)

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2
Q

What is the most coming NT for excitatory neurones?

A

Glutamate

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3
Q

What is the most coming inhibitory NT?

A

GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)

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4
Q

What is an axon collateral?

A

Branches off axon (enable single neurone to communicate with many others)

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5
Q

A collection of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS is called a…?

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

A group of functionally related axons in the CNS is called a ….?

A

Tract

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7
Q

A bundle of axons in the PNS is a…?

A

Nerve

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8
Q

A collection of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS is a…?

A

Ganglion

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9
Q

SOMATIC NS: efferent (motor) neurones

  • Cell body located in CNS/PNS?
  • Myelination of axons is?
  • Neurotransmitter?
A

Cell body: CNS
Axons are HEAVILY myelinated
NT: Ach

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10
Q

SOMATIC NS: afferent (sensory) neurones

  • Cell body located in CNS/PNS?
  • Myelination of axons is?
  • Neurotransmitter?
A

Cell body in PNS
Axons are myelinated/unmyelinated
NT: Glutamate

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11
Q 
SYMPATHETIC NS: 
Ganglia close to...?
Preganglionic fibres?
Postganglionic fribres?
Postganglionic NT?
A

CNS
Short and myelinated
Long and branch extensively
NA

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12
Q 
PARASYMPATHETIC NS: 
Ganglia close to...?
Preganglionic fibres?
Postganglionic fribres?
Postganglionic NT?
A

Target
Long and myelinated
Short and branch minimally
Ach

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13
Q

Myelinating glial cells of the PNS are?

Myelinating glial cells of the CNS are?

A

Schwann cells

Oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

Supporting glia of:

  • CNS is….?
  • PNS is…?
A
  • Astrocytes

* Satellite glia

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15
Q

Microglia are…?

A

Scavengers
Immune cells of CNS
Phagocytose debris

16
Q

Golgi Type I neurones have ____ axons?

Golgi Type II neurone have ____ axons?

A

Golgi type I: LONG axons, extend to other parts of brain.

Golgi type II: SHORT axons, don’t extend beyond cell body (interneurones)

17
Q

What brain regions make up the FOREBRAIN?

A

Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

18
Q

What function does the MIDBRAIN have?

A

Process visual and auditory data
Reflexive somatic motor responses
Maintainence of consciousness

19
Q

What functions does the pons have?

A

Relays sensory info to thalamus and cerebellum

Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centres

20
Q

The PROSENCEPHALON divides into which secondary brain vesicles and which brain regions?

A

Telencephalon —> cerebrum

Diencephalon —> thalamus + hypothalamus

21
Q

The RHOMBENCEPHALON divides into which secondary brain vesicles and forms which brain regions?

A

Metencephalon —> cerebellum + pons

Myencephalon —> medulla oblongata

22
Q

Explain the function of these midbrain regions:

  1. Substantia nigra
  2. Superior colliculus
  3. Periaqueductal grey matter
  4. Red nucleus
A
  1. DA containg, motor system
  2. Receives visual input, focus eyes to attention
  3. Pain and fear pathways
  4. Motor control
23
Q

Explain the function of these hindbrain/brainstem regions:

  1. Reticular formation
  2. Raphe nuclei
  3. Area postrema
  4. Locus coeruleus
A
  1. Alertness, CV function (HR)
  2. Contains 5-HT
  3. Chemoreceptor trigger zone
  4. NA +ve cells
24
Q

Which is the innermost layer if ye meninges?

A

Pia matter

25
Q

What is the space between the Dura and Arachnoid matter called?

A

Subdural space

26
Q

The LATERAL ventricles are located in the____ and separated by the _______?

A 
Cerebral hemisphere (one in each hem)
Septum pellucidum
27
Q

Where is the THIRD ventricle located?

A

Diencephalon

28
Q

Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

Fourth

29
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

30
Q

What 4 factors determine resting membrane potential?

A
  1. -ve charged intracellular PROTEINS
  2. Na/K pump (3 Na out, 2 K in)
  3. K+ ions (electrical force IN, greater concentration grad force OUT)
  4. Na+ ions (small inward force, electrical + conc)
31
Q

What is the “electrical potential difference that balances the ionic concentration gradient”?

A

Equilibrium potential (E ion)

32
Q

What is the ionic driving force?

A

Difference between membrane potential (Vm) and equilibrium potential (Eion).
= Vm - Eion

33
Q

Why is GHK (Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz) eq use to calculate membrane potential, not Nernst eq?

A

GHK takes into account different ion permeabilities

34
Q

Where in neurone is an AP generated?

A

Axon hillock

35
Q

How long does one action potential last?

A

6 ms

36
Q

Which phases of AP are in the ABSOLUTE refractory period?

Therefore, which phases = RELATIVE refractory period?

A

Depolarization and repolarization (the spike)

Hyperpolarization

37
Q

The CNS is derived from which type of tissue?

A

Ectoderm

38
Q

The PNS is derived from what type of tissue?

A

Neural crest

Biology Of The Mind (9 decks)

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