Translation movement in early Abbasid period Flashcards
translation during the golden age (early abbasid period)?
During the Ptolemaic period Alexandria became the cultural center of the ancient world.
What was the most important achievement of al-Ma’mun and why?
Al-Ma’mun was the seventh Abbasid caliph and a great patron of the sciences in the Islamic world. He established an influential scientific academy in Baghdad where Arab scholars made important contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and others fields.
Who was Hunayn bin Ishaq and what distinguished his translation method?
- ## Ḥunayn ibn Isḥaq was the most productive translator of Greek medical and scientific treatises in his day.
what was challenges that Arabs had to face?
Reconciling their religion with the secular knowledge; Arabs were able to assimilate almost the whole of ancient learning and to raise the level of knowledge to unprecedented heights.
where did the word Philosophy came from?
Philosophy: From Greek ‘philosophia’ Love of Wisdom.
what is Philosophy?
- Philosophy is the mother of all sciences. The tree from which all the branches of science grew.
- Most ancient philosophers combined the knowledge of medicine, mathematics, physics, astronomy … Muslim philosophers were no exception. Most Muslim philosophers struggled to reconcile religious and secular knowledge, religion and philosophy.
Philosophy and centers of GreeK learning?
- Socrates (d. 499 BC), Plato (d. 347 BC) and Aristotle (d. 322 BC) laid the foundation for what is understood by philosophy to this day.
- Alexander the great (356 - 323 BC) spread Hellenic culture.
- Alexandria founded in 322 BC – became the center of Hellinistic learning.
Early theological groups Philosophical??
- Qadarites
- Jahmites
- Murji’ites: Postponents of judgment-
- Kharijites: Seceders
what’s an Example of Early philosophical problems?
The problem of moral value (good and evil)
The ‘Abbasids Translation of Philosophy and Sciences:
- Abu Ja‘far ‘al-Mansur’ the second Abbasid caliph (r. 754-775) built Baghdad:“The City of Peace” (Madinat al-Salam). First known translations from Indian and Greek works on medicine, astronomy and mathematics was during his reign.
- It was his grandson al-Ma’amun the seventh ʿAbbāsid caliph(r.813-833) who established the House of Wisdom (bayt al-Hikmah). Chief works of Greek philosophy and science were translated then.
what was The House of wisdom Bayt al-Hikmah?
- A center of research and translation that was founded in Baghdad.
- It included an observatory and a huge library.
- Besides translating books into Arabic and preserving them, scholars associated with the House of Wisdom also made many remarkable original contributions to diverse fields.
Hunayn b. Ishaq?
- Hunayn b. Ishaq (d. 873) became the head of the House of Wisdom. He is considered the greatest scholar in the entire history of the translation movement.
- Hunayn and his team (including Ishaq, his son) translated into Arabic:
- The complete medical works of Hipocrates and Galen
- Most of Aristotle’s work and Plato’s work.
what were the important translations?
- Ibn Na’imah al-Himsi (d. 835) who translated the pseudo Theology of Aristotle
- Abu Bishr Matta – Logic
- Qusta bin Luqa
- Thabit bin Qurra
According to Fakhry, what was the impact of introducing Greek philosophy on Islamic intellectual and cultural life?
- Humanize conceptions of man and his relation to God
- Fresh impetus to examination of dogma
- Brought Arabs into the mainstream of world culture
Who is Abu Yusuf Ya’qub al-Kindi?
The Philosopher of the Arabs”
