Philosophy in the eastern part during the Abbasids Flashcards
who was Abu Yusuf Ya’qub b. Ishaq al-Kindi ?
“The Philosopher of the Arabs” (Faylasuf al-‘Arab)
what was The Impact of Greek Philosophy al-Kindi?
- It had a far reaching impact on Islamic intellectual and cultural life in the ninth century.
who was the first to introduced Greek philosophy and underscored its conformity with the Qur’anic world view?
It was al-Kindi
example; He supported the concept of creation of the world out of nothing (ex nihilo).
The resurrection of the body.
who were Philosophers who scarified large portion of Islamic belief in the interest of greater consistency?
Al-Farabi (d. 950) and Ibn Sina (d. 1037)
Abu Bakr ar-Razi (d. 925) seems to have disregarded most of the Islamic beliefs.
t/f
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who was Abu Bakr al-Razi?
- Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi known as Rhazes or Rasis after medieval Latinists (865-925), was a Persian polymath, a prominent figure in Islamic Golden Age, physician, chemist, philosopher, and scholar.
- Later influenced the ‘Brethren of Sincerity/Purity’ (Ikhwan al-Safa’)
Abu Bakr al-Razi: said
- Five eternal principles: God, the soul, matter, time and space.
- God created man and imparted reason to him “from the essence of his divinity”, ensuring that the soul will understand and be reminded of her higher world.
- ” فإذا سويته ونفخت فيه من روحي”
- For Al-Razi philosophy plays a therapeutic role . It cures the soul and enables it to be released from the wheel of birth.
The Brethern of purity (Akhwan al-Safa)
- Believed in the unity of philosophy and religious truth Islam and other religions.
- Dedication to the study of math.
- They are considered to be the most tolerant of religious and philosophical groups of Islam.
- a secret society of Muslim philosophers in Basra, Iraq, in the 9th or 10th century CE.
Abu Nasr al-Farabi (d. 950)?
- Al-Farabi was known to the Arabs as the ‘Second Master’ (after Aristotle).
- Al-Farabi was one of the world’s great philosophers and much more original than many of his Islamic successors.
who formulated an emanationist theory (al-fayd)?
Under the influence of Neoplatonism, he formulated an emanationist theory (al-fayd)of the origin of the world, which seems to have replaced the concept of creation ex-nihlo in his metaphysics.
who was Ibn Sina?
Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allah Ibn Sina (d. 1037), known in English as Avicenna.
Influenced by al-Farabi, he adopted and adapted the theory of emanation (al-fayd).
why did ibn Sina and Al-Farabi reject the doctrine of bodily resurrection
Describing the purpose and mission of man in purely intellectual terms, Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina held man’s ultimate goal to be contact (ittisal) with the ‘active intellect’, (a semi divine agency interposed between God and man). This would ensure for man spiritual immortality.
The Systematic Refutation of Neoplatonism?
Abu Hamid al-Ghazzali al-Tusi
“Hujjat al-Islam”
(d.1111)
In his famous work Tahafut al-Falasifa (incoherenc of the philosophers) he argued against Neoplatonism held by Ibn Sina and al-Farabi.
al-Ghazzali?
In general al-Ghazali argues against the Neoplatonic concept of supreme being from which the world emanates from all eternity. And against: - The eternity of the world - God’s general knowledge - The resurrection of the soul only
Post Avicennian Developments?
The latter phase of Ibn Sina is marked by a kind of tension or contradiction between his peripatetic philosophy ( derived from Aristotle) and mystical thought (influenced by Neoplatonism)
and
Shihab al-Din AL-Sahrawadi ( d. 1191) exploited to the full Ibn Sina’s tendency towards mysticism. His philosophy is closer to sufism (Islamic mysticism) and is called al-falsafa al-ishraqiyah or illuminationism.
