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Biochemistry 2065 > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

1
Q

in translation, a sequence of ___ is translated into a sequence of __

A

nucleotides; amino acids

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2
Q

the genetic code gives the relation between __ and __

A

sequence of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins

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3
Q

T/F the genetic code is nearly universal

A

true

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4
Q

the genetic code is read from the _ to __ end of the mRNA

A

5’-3’

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5
Q

an amino acid is coded by a group of 3 bases called a __

A

codon

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6
Q

T/F there is only one codon for each amino acid

A

false

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7
Q

what is protein synthesis?

A

formation of peptide bonds between amino acids in a specific sequence

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8
Q

what are ribosomes made of?

A

rRNA and protein

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9
Q

a ribosome can be called a ___

A

ribonucleoprotein

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10
Q

what part of a ribosome catalyzes the peptide bond formation?

A

rRNA

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11
Q

function of small ribosomal subunit

A

binds mRNA

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12
Q

function of large ribosomal subunit

A

binds tRNA and amino acids

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13
Q

ribosomes are typically identified by their Svedberg coefficient (s) which is __

A

rate at which particle moves during centrifugation

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14
Q

what three factors influence the Svedber coefficient?

A

particle mass, density and shape

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15
Q

rRNA molecules are ___ stranded

A

single

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16
Q

how do rRNA molecules achieve their complex secondary /teriary structures to be able to function?

A

base pair

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17
Q

a ribosome has 3 slots for tRNA which are ___

A

A site, P site, E site

18
Q

amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by__molecules

A

tRNA

19
Q

tRNA serves as the adapter molecule between the ___ and its specific ___

A

codon; amino acid

20
Q

tRNAs are usually between ___ and ___ nucleotides long

A

70-90

21
Q

all tRNA molecules include what two things?

A

a CCA amino acid attachment site at the 3’ end

an anticodon

22
Q

what is an anticodon?

A

3 nucleotides that are complementary to the codon on mRNA

23
Q

the proper amino acid is also called the __

A

cognate amino acid

24
Q

what dictates the proper amino acid?

A

anticodon loop base pairing with the codon

25
Q

tRNAs are covalently labeled with their cognate amino acids by enzymes called___

A

aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases

26
Q

charged tRNA is called

A

aminoacyl tRNA

27
Q

what are the 2 steps in aminoacyl tRNA synthetase activity?

A
  1. activation of the amino acid

2. transfer of the aminoacyl group to the tRNA

28
Q

how is an amino acid activated?

A

adenylation

29
Q

what is used to adenylate the amino acid?

A

ATP

30
Q

how is the amino acid transferred to the tRNA?

A

ester linkage

31
Q

t/f aminoacyl tRNA syntheses are highly specific for a given amino acid

A

treue

32
Q

what are the 3 steps of translation?

A
  1. initiation
  2. elongation of polypeptide
  3. termination
33
Q

what 3 things happen in the initiation of translation?

A

assembly of ribosome, binding of mRNA and binding of first Aa-tRNA

34
Q

what 2 things happen in the enlogation of polypeptide of translation?

A

translocation and peptide bond formation

35
Q

what happens in the termination of translation?

A

recognition of the end of the coding region in mRNA

36
Q

what is the start codon and what amino acid does it code for?

A

AUG; methionine

37
Q

catalysis of peptide bond formation occurs in the ___ site of ribosomes

A

P (peptide)

38
Q

peptide bond formation is catalyzed by which ribosomal subunit?

A

the large one

39
Q

what are the 3 stop codons?

A

UAA, UGA, UAG

40
Q

T/F there is a tRNA with an anticodon for the stop codons

A

false

41
Q

what is the role of a release factor protein?

A

will bind to the A site and release the polypeptide chain

Biochemistry 2065 (19 decks)

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