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Biochemistry 2065 > Lecture 25: Glycolysis > Flashcards

Lecture 25: Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

aerobic cellular respiration is a ___ pathway that breaks down __ into __

A

catabolic; glucose; ATP

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2
Q

what are the 2 roles of glycolysis?

A
  1. degrades glucose to ATP

2. provides building blocks for making biomolecules

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3
Q

in glycolysis, __ is converted to __ which makes __ ATP

A

1glucose; 2pyruvate; 2

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4
Q

which stage of glycolysis uses 2 ATP? Why?

A

the first. To cleave the sugar

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5
Q

the net products of 1 glucose in glycolysis

A

2 ATP and 2NADH

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6
Q

how are the enzymes regulated in glycolysis?

A

allosteric control

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7
Q

what is the first reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme class is used?

A

glucose phosphorylated by ATP; transferase

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8
Q

what is the purpose of phosphorylating glucose?

A

prevents its escape from the cell and increases reactivity

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9
Q

enzymes that transfer a phosphate are often called __

A

kinases

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10
Q

what is the second reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme class is used?

A

isomerization of G-6P to F-6P

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11
Q

by turning G-6P to F6P, what is achieved?

A

produces carbon available for phosphorylation and fructose is better at cleaving

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12
Q

what is the third reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme class is used?

A

phosphorylation of F-6P by ATP; transferase

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13
Q

what is the fourth reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme class is used?

A

F-1,6-BP is split into the isomers DHAP and GAP; lyase

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14
Q

t/f GAP is on the direct pathway of glycolysis, but DHAP is not

A

true

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15
Q

what is the fifth reaction in glycolysis? what type of enzyme is used?

A

DHAP is isomerized to GAP; isomerize

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16
Q

what is the sixth reaction in glycolysis? what class of enzyme is used?

A

GAP oxidized to 1,3-BPG; Oxidation-Reduction reaction

17
Q

where does the phosphate come from in the Gap oxidation reaction?

A

inorganic phosphate

18
Q

1,3-BPG has a high ___ potential

A

phosphoryl transfer

19
Q

what is the 7th reaction in glycolysis? what type of enzyme is used?

A

1,3-BPG donates a phosphate to ADP to make ATP; transferase

20
Q

the formation of ATP by transferase reaction is called ___

A

substrate-level phosphorylation

21
Q

what is the criteria for the phosphate donor in substrate level phosphorylation?

A

higher phosphoryl transfer potential than ATP

22
Q

what is the 8th reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme is used?

A

glycerate-3-P is converted to glycerate-2-P; isomerase

23
Q

what is the 9th reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme is used?

A

glycerate-2-P is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate (stronger P donor) ; lyase

24
Q

what is the 10th reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme is used?

A

PEP gives P to ADP to make ATP and pyruvate; transferase

25
Q

what is the fate of pyruvate if it enters the Krebs cycle?

A

enter the citric acid cycle and be oxidized to CO2 and its electrons given to NAD+ to make NADH

26
Q

what enters the E- transport chain?

A

NADH

27
Q

what type of reaction occurs in the E- transport chain

A

oxidative phosphorylation

28
Q

the fate of pyruvate depends on the ___ of the cell

A

oxidation status

29
Q

what are the 3 fates of pyruvate?

A
  1. ethanol
  2. lactate
  3. CO2 and H2O
30
Q

what process turns pyruvate into ethanol?

A

alcoholic fermentation

31
Q

what process turns pyruvate into lactate?

A

lactic acid fermentation

32
Q

the 3 major energy acquisition lifestyles can be described in terms of the ___ from organic fuel

A

fate of electrons

33
Q

what are the 3 major energy acquisition lifestyles?

A
  1. aerobic respiration
  2. anaerobic respiration
  3. fermentation
34
Q

what is the terminal E- acceptor in aerobic respiration

A

O2

35
Q

what is the electron donor in aerobic respiration?

A

glucose

36
Q

what is the electron donor in anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose

37
Q

what is the terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

A

non-O2 (nitrate / sulphate)

38
Q

what is the electron donor in fermentation?

A

glucose

39
Q

what is the terminal E- acceptor in fermentation?

A

pyruvate

Biochemistry 2065 (19 decks)

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