translation

Question 1

silent mutation

Answer 1

does not change amino acid

Question 2

missense mutation

Answer 2

changes amino acid in the protein with either no effect on protein function or a protein with vastly different function

Question 3

nonsense mutation (null mutation)

Answer 3

codon changes into a stop codon causing premature chain termination. Protein either degraded or formed as a truncated version

Question 4

Frameshift mutation

Answer 4

one or more nucleotides are deleted or inserted into ORF. If out of frame causes change in the codon sequence and consequently alteration in the amino acid sequence. (Duchenne muscular dystrophy, beta thalassemia)

Question 5

streptomycin binds to 30S subunit to disrupt….

Answer 5

initiation of translation

Question 6

shiga toxin binds to the 60S subunit to disrupt….

Answer 6

elongation

Question 7

clindamycin and erythromycin bind to the 50S subunit to disrupt…

Answer 7

translocation of the ribosome

Question 8

tetracyclines bind to the 30S subunit to disrupt….

Answer 8

elongation

Question 9

peptidyl transferase activity is housed in….

Answer 9

the large subunits

Question 10

the initiation factors facilitate binding of the small ribosomal subunit to the initiator tRNA and base pairing between…

Answer 10

anticodon and codon

Question 11

hydrolysis of GTP to GDP=Pi provides energy for…

Answer 11

assembly of initiation complex

Question 12

additional initiation factors such as the e1F4 complex and e1F5B-GTP are required for…

Answer 12

the assemble of the final 80S initiation complex

Question 13

ribosome subunits in prokaryotes

Answer 13

30S and 50S

Question 14

ribosome subunits in eukaryotes

Answer 14

40S and 60S

Question 15

cytoplasmic pathway

Answer 15

cytosol, mitochondria, nucleus, and peroxisomes

Question 16

secretory pathway

Answer 16

ER, lysosomes, plasma membranes, or secretion

Question 17

cytosplasm

Answer 17

no modification

Question 18

mitochondrion

Answer 18

N-terminal hydrophobic alpha-helix

Question 19

nucleus

Answer 19

lys, argenine rich with 4 in a row (KKKRK)-signal important

Question 20

ER

Answer 20

C-terminal KDEL

Question 21

plasma membrane

Answer 21

nterminal apolar

Question 22

lysosome

Answer 22

Mann-6-P. Disease associated with malfunction-I-cell disease

Question 23

secretory vesicle

Answer 23

Trp-rich domain

Question 24

ER retention signal

Answer 24

KDEL (lys, Asp, Glu, Leu)