Hematopoiesis Flashcards
Prenatal Hematopoiesis Wks 3-8
Yolk Sac
Prenatal Hematopoiesis Wks 6-30
Liver
Prenatal Hematopoiesis Wks 9-28
Spleen
Hematopoiesis migrates to bone marrow when?
Wks 28 to birth to adult
Which bones are primarily responsible for hematopoiesis
Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, pelvis, prox ends of long bones
Hematopoietic Cell Compartment
HIghly vascular, Hematopoietic stem cells located here
Where are hematopoietic stem cells located
Hematopoietic Cell Compartment
What comes from the erythroblastic area
RBCs
What comes from the myeloid area
WBCs
Marrow Stromal Compartment
hematopoietic growth factors, and is made up of adipose cells, fibroblasts, stromal cells, vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and blood vessels interspersed within trabecular bone
Where do hematopoietic growth factors come from
endothelial cells, marrow fibroblasts and stromal (reticular cells)
What do hematopoietic growth factors do
cause stem cells to differentiate
Red bone marrow
Source of RBCs and WBCs, in all bone at birth,
Yellow bone marrow
more adipocytes, less hematopoiesis occuring
What is Stroma and what is contained here?
reticular connective tissue adipocytes and macrophages are found here
Hematopoietic cords
bundles of blood cells at different stages of maturation
Vascular Sinusoids
between cords, lined w/ endothelial cells and alow new cells into blood
What does Stem Cell Factor (SCF) do (aka c-kit ligand or steel factor)
weak simulator of hematopoiesis, makes stem cells responsive to other cytokines, stimulates pluripotent stem cells to CFU-GEMM (myeloid stem cells)
What two types of stem cells are found in bone marrow
hematopoietic and mesenchymal
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
self renewal, produce committed precursor cells (myeloid SC and lymphoid SC)
Myeloid SC differentiates into….
Erythroid CFU, Megakaryocyte CFU, Basophil CFU, eosinophil CFU, granulocyte-macrophage CFU
Lymphoid SC give rise to…
T Cell in thymus and B Cell in marrow
Maturing Cells
result of committed cell precursor differentiation
Megakaryocyte becomes….
platelets
3 types of hematopoietic growth factors (HGF)
Colony stimulating factors (CSF), Erythropoietin (EPO) & Thrombopoietin TPO, and Cytokines (primarily interleukins)
IL-3
All hematopoitic progenetors Not Lymphoid cells Basophil have no other factors except IL-3
IL 1 and 4
Lymphoid stem cells
IL 2
T Cells
IL 2 and 6
B cells
EPO
produced in Kidney RBCs
TPO
produced in Liver Platelets
GM-CSF
leukocytes and reticulocytes
G-CSF
neutrophils treatment for neutropenia after chemo
M-CSF
monocytes and macrophages
Proerythroblast Pronormoblast
Basophilic erythroblast Basophilic Normoblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast Polychromatic Normoblast
orthochromatic erythroblast orthochromatic normoblast
still in the bone marrow
Reticulocyte Polychromatic erythrocyte
Mature cell
RBC Erythrocyte
Kidney Disease = ________levels of erythropoieitin
decreased
Treatment of kidney disease
recombinant erythropoietin
Anemia
decreased EPO
Effectiveness of EPO treatment is measured by?
increase in reticulocytes
Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte
TPO level during Liver Disease
decreased
Low TPO
Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)
Treatment of thrombocytopenia
TPO or receptor agonists
Effectiveness of TPO treatment
increased platelets
Granulopoiesis
cytoplasmic granules lobulated nucleus Neutrophils, Basophils, eosinophils
Agranulopoeisis
no granules no nuclear lobulation Lymphocytes, Monocytes
Neutrophils
Phagocytize bacteria release antimicrobial chemicals
Eosinophils
Phagocytize antigen antibody complexes, allergens and inflammatory chemicals antiparasitic and bactericidal activity
Basophils
Secrete histamine and heparin inflammatory rxns during immune response and allergies
Treatment for neutropenia after chemo
G-CSF (grandulocyte colony-stimulating factor)
