TRANSLATION Flashcards
process by which the information stored in a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is used to synthesize a protein. It occurs in the ribosomes, which are complex cellular structures.
TRANSLATION
start codon
AUG for Methionine
It binds to the start codon AUG on the mRNA, carrying the amino acid, methionine.
INITIATOR tRNA
The ribosome’s enzymatic activity, specifically the ———————————————————- _________________________________center in the large subunit, catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids carried by the tRNAs.
peptidyl transferase
These ————————— bind to the A-site, causing the addition of a water molecule to the polypeptide chain, resulting in its release from the final tRNA.
RELEASE FACTORS
When in translation does GTP or guanosine triphosphate became available?
In the initiation process of translation
the process in which the sequence of codons within mRNA provides the information to synthesize the sequence of amino acids that constitute a polypeptide
TRANSLATION
Start codon of translation in prokaryotes.
FMet or N-formlymethionine
Start codon of Eukaryotes
AUG, which codes for Methionine
Site of translation in Prokaryotes
Cytoplasm
Translation in Eukaryotes occurs in
Cytoplasm
template for translation
mRNA
Three adjacent ribonucleotides in mRNA corresponding to a specific amino acid
CODONS
Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon
DEGENERATE
Codons do not overlap and have no spaces in between
CONTIGUOUS
Each codon specify only one amino acid
UNAMBIGUOUS
Causes dissociate of the large and small ribosomal subunit
IF1 and IF3
where does the mRNA binds in the initiation process of Translation
small Ribosomal subunit (Shine-Dalgarno sequence)
It bounds to the GTP, promotes the binding of the initiator tRNA to the start codon in the P-site.
IF2
What are released in the initiation of the translation after the binding of IF2 to the GTP.
IF1, IF3, and GTP
TRUE OR FALSE
RF1 recognizes UAG and UAA
True
RF2 recognizes UGA and UAA
True
TRUE OR FALSE
RF3 only assists RF1
FALSE, RF3 assists RF1 and RF2
TRUE OR FALSE
The Eukaryotes require a Shine-Dalgano Sequence in the initial binding of mRNA to the Ribosome
FALSE,
Eukaryotes: 7-methylguanosine cap: Prokaryotes: Shine-Dalgarno Sequence
TRUE OR FALSE
Elongation (translation) rate in prokaryotes took 15-20 amino acids per second, while eukaryotes took only 2-6 amino acids per second
TRUE
UAA, UGA, UAG are
STOP CODONS
