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GENETICS MIDTERMS > THE CONCEPT OF A GENE > Flashcards

THE CONCEPT OF A GENE Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

two viewpoints for a gene

A

A. A HYPOTHETICAL ENTITY BY WHICH ONE COULD EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF BREEDING EXPERIMENTS

B. A CHEMICAL COMPUND OR MOLECULE

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2
Q

Define gene

A

basic and functional unit of heredity

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3
Q

Basic and functional unit of heredity

A

Gene

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4
Q

building blocks of DNA and RNA

A

NUCLEOTIDES

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5
Q

DNA and RNA are what kind of molecules?

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

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6
Q

Charge of histones

A

positively charged; basic

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7
Q

Charge of Non-histone chromosomal proteins

A

negatively charged; acidic

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8
Q

Characteristics of Genetic Material

A
  1. contain complex information
  2. replicate faithfully
  3. encode the phenotype
  4. capacity to vary
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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: DNA contain in all diploid cells of an organism is relatively constant.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Isolated “nuclein” from nuclei of human pus cells

A

FRIEDRICH MIESHER (1869)

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11
Q

Tetranucleotide hypothesis; DNA was composed of repeating sequences of four nucleotides

A

PHOEBUS LEVENE

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12
Q

Transforming principle: Study streptococcus pneumonia

-The virulence of one bacteria can transform the virulence of another bacteria

S-strain (smooth) can cause diseases/ R-strain - non-virulence

A

FREDERICK GRIFFITH (1928)

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13
Q

Duplicated Griffith’s experiment; DNA is the transforming substance

Proteinase is added to inactivate protein; with DNA and RNA = can cause virulence

RNAase is added to inactivate RNA; with protein and DNA = can cause virulence

DNAase is added to inactivate DNA; with protein and RNA = do not cause virulence

A

AVERY, MACLEOD, AND MCCARTY (1944)

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14
Q

DNA as the genetic material; molar concentrations of Adenine = Thymine, and Guanine = Cytosine

A

ERWIN CHARGAFF (1948)

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15
Q

Histone proteins is positively charged, thus it is

A

basic

non-histone = acidic

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15
Q

Why are viruses considered not to be alive?

A
  1. they are aggregates of nucleic acid and proteins
  2. needs a host
15
Q

Blender experiment; bacteriophage (penetration of radioactive bacteria to E. coli = no radioactive bacteria)

a. Infection
b. Blending
c. Centrifugation

A

ALFRED HERSHEY AND MARTHA CHASE (1952)

16
Q

The DNA has ——— charge

A

negative net charge

GENETICS MIDTERMS (9 decks)

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