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GENETICS MIDTERMS > TRANSCRIPTION > Flashcards

TRANSCRIPTION Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the process by which a complementary RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template strand

A

DNA Transcription

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2
Q

First step in gene expression

A

Transcription

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3
Q

carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used to guide the synthesis of proteins

A

mRNA

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4
Q

signals the start of a gene and determines the direction of transcription

A

PROMOTER SEQUENCE

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5
Q

Only one of the two DNA strands serves as the template for transcription, called

A

ANTISENSE STRAND OR NON-CODING STRAND

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6
Q

UNTRANSCRIBED STRAND IN TRANSCRIPTION

A

SENSE STRAND OR CODING STRAND

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7
Q

TERMINATION

contain a specific sequence that forms a stable hairpin structure in the RNA transcript, followed by a string of uracil (U) residues. This structure causes the RNA polymerase to dissociate from the DNA template.

A

INTRINSIC TERMINATORS

INTRINSIC TERMINATION

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8
Q

TERMINATION

binds to the growing RNA chain and helps to release RNA polymerase from the DNA.

A

RHO

RHO-DEPENDENT TERMINATION

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9
Q

The pre-mRNA is capped at the 5’ end with a ———————, which protects the mRNA and helps with ribosome binding.

A

7-methylguanosine cap

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10
Q

Introns, non-coding regions within the pre-mRNA, are removed through a process called —————-, leaving only the exons, which contain protein-coding information.

A

SPLICING

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11
Q

A —————————– tail is added to the 3’ end of the mRNA, which aids in mRNA stability and translation.

A

POLYADENINE (POLY-A)

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Transcription process includes initiation, elongation, and termination, and in eukaryotes, it is followed by post-transcriptional modifications to produce mature mRNA

A

TRUE

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Transcription is DNA-independent

A

FALSE, it is DNA-dependent RNA synthesis

it uses the anti-sense strand, which complements the RNA molecule

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

THE RNA POLYMERASE IN TRANSCRIPTION HAS NO PROOFREADING ABILITY

A

TRUE

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15
Q

RNA Polymerase: 6 sites of activity

A

DNA coding strand
DNA template strand
RNA binding
RNA-DNA hybrid
Unwinding point
Rewinding point

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16
Q

Requirements for Transcription

A
  • Specific Sequences
  • Promoters
  • Interaction of RNA polymerase with several proteins (TF)
17
Q
  • Sequence that “promote” gene expression
  • Binding site of RNA polymerase
A

PROMOTER

18
Q

PROKARYOTIC PROMOTERS

10 BASES BEFORE STARTPOINT; CONSENSUS SEQUENCE - TATAAT

A

Pribnow Box

19
Q

PROKARYOTIC PROMOTERS

upstream from the Pribnow box; Consensus sequence - TTGACA

A

35 SEQUENCE

20
Q

EUKARYOTIC PROMOTERS

  • TATAWAW;
  • 19-27 bases before startpoint;
  • Binding site of TFIID;
  • Aids Binding of RNA polymerase
A

TATAbox or Goldberg or Hogness Box

21
Q

EUKARYOTIC PROMOTERS

  • ~ 70 BASES BEFORE STARTPOINT
A

CCAAT box

22
Q

EUKARYOTIC PROMOTERS

~40 base before startpoint

A

GC Box

23
Q
  • position RNA polymerase at the promoter and send it on its way
  • sufficient to direct basal level of transcription from many core promoters
  • essential for transcription initiation for any eukaryotic gene
  • protein factors
A

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

24
Q

Bind promoters; Melts DNA; Remains stationary until phosphorylated; incorporates the first ribonucleotide; three phosphate groups retained

A

RNA polymerase activity during initiation

25
Q

TRANSCRIPTION

The DNA strand known as the ————– strand is used to make a complementary copy of RNA, resulting in an RNA-DNA hybrid

A

template

26
Q

TRANSCRIPTION

RNA polymerase moves along the template strand in a 3’ to 5’ direction, and the RNA is synthesized in a ——————-using nucleoside triphosphates as precursors.

A

5’ to 3’ direction

27
Q

TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION

Simple termination; DNA template ends in AAAAA; palindrome rich in GC; mRNA forms a hairpin

A

RHO-INDEPENDENT TERMINATION

28
Q

TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION

Requires rho factor; binds to the rut site; palindrome: less in GC-rich; no UUUUU at the end of RNA; USES RHO-HELICASE TO RELEASE RNA FROM THE TRANSCRIPTION BUBBLE

A

Rho-dependent termination

29
Q

protein-coding sequences

A

exons

30
Q

non-coding protein

A

introns

31
Q

BACTERIA: -35 AND -10 SEQUENCES: EUKARYOTES: ________________

PROMOTER

A

TATA box

32
Q

bacteria: 1 RNA polymerase: eukaryotes: ———–

A

3 types of RNA polymerases; RNA pol II transcribes protein-encoding genes

33
Q

site of transcription in Eukaryotes

A

NUCLEUS

34
Q

Site of transcription in Prokaryotes

A

CYTOPLASM

GENETICS MIDTERMS (9 decks)

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