translation Flashcards
what is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA is transcribed into RNA which is translated into protein
what are glycines?
has an R group that is a hydrogen and allows for freer rotation it also increases the flexibility of the polypeptide backbone
what are prolines?
which has an R group that is linked back to the amino group its a cyclic group of carbons, this restricts rotation of the amino group.
what is a Cysteine
has the R group that is an SH bond and can form disulfide bonds.
This can connect different parts of the same protein or different proteins.
what are the types of protein folding?
The folding structure is primary (0) where it is the basic one just a basic sequence of amino acids, the secondary (1) is where there is one fold whether that be beta sheets (with another) or an alpha helix (with itself) with nearby amino acids, tertiary (2) is where there is now a three-dimensional shape of 2 amino acids together, and quaternary (3) is where there is more than 2 amino acids grouped together interaction with the polypeptide subunits.
what do messanger rna do?
starts the initiation product by binding with initiation factors (proteins) then elongation factors and release factors which facilitate the order of the amino acids, then the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases facilitate the movement of the amino acids and the transfer RNA’s bind to the sites at the ribosomes.
what do ribosomes do?
made up of 2 subunits the large and small with 3 binding sites: E for exit sites, P for peptidyl and the A for aminoacyl sites.
what is t-rna?
binds back on itself creating a clover that makes a bunch more bonding sites. The three base in the anticodon loop make the anticodon.
The codon attaches to the corresponding pair.
how is translation initiated?
initiator AUG codon is recognized
Requires initiation factors that bind to the 5’ cap.
what makes elongation occur?
binding of amino acids.
when does termination occur?
when the polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome
what is different about initiation in prokaryotes?
the initiation complex is known as the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
what do R groups in proteins determine?
interactions with water
acidity/alkalinity
polarity
what are glycines
r group is hydrogen NH3CH(H)COO, nonpolar and small size allowing for rotation.
what are prolines
R group is amino group it is a cyclic structure, not freely rotatable.
