physiological control Flashcards
what does the endocrine system do?
releases hormones to influence distant cells which are released through the bloodstream.
what are target cells?
these are the recivers of hormones but only if there is a specific receptor for that specific hormone.
what are vesicles in terms of hormones?
these are the vehicles in which the hormone is expelled.
what is the nervous system?
this is composed of neurons which are fast and use neurotransmitters which are targetted. neurons are actively touching receptors/effectors.
what is the refractory period?
this is following an action potential where another action potential cannot be fired
how do action potentials trigger a response?
this is through opening and closing gated potassium channels making them flood out of the axon and sodium channels open as well flooding in which reverses the change causing a rapid depolarization.
what does the myelin sheath do for the propagation of action potentials?
this makes the transmission rapid which is called saltatory conduction.
what does excitatory mean?
this causes a depolarization which is caused by the ligand gated sodium channels opening.
what does inhibitory mean?
cell is hyperpolarized caused by the opening of ligand gated chloride and potassium channels
whar are chemoreceptors?
these are chemical receptors that only do something when a molecule from the environment binds to a protein
what are mechanoreceptors
these are activated via touch. they have a plate attached to horns that are pressed down that then open the channels
what are photoreceptors
these are when receptors sense light and cause the opening of channels
what are action potentials?
these are self propagating signals that travel in only one direction
how are ears mechanoreceptors
these have hairs that are pushed by the noise which causes an action potential to be fired when these hairs are pushed enough.
