inheritance Flashcards
what are mendels laws?
Principle of segregation
Principle of independent assortment
what is mendalian inheritance?
Genetic information to physical expression
Mendel thought that there was a principle of segregation where the members of a gene pair will separate equally into the gametes.
Second principle is the principle of independent assortment, different gene pairs segregate independently.
what are early transmission genetics
Own personal genome, completely different
In the history of all genomes, it will always be unique.
This is the type of genetics that is passed from generation to generation.
what is blending inheritance
In the 19th century, the main thinking was that resembling the average of parents ie blending the colours. For the most part, this is losing variation over time and does not happen over time.
This isn’t seen in nature. Certain alleles will be kept in nature based on breeding probabilities and good traits.
what are modern transmission genetics
Mendel proved it was not blending
Mendel conducted hybridization with pea plants with various traits and studied the true breeding of each trait ie yellow pea with yellow pea produces a yellow pea.
He deposited pollen on the pea flowers and had a lot of control over the flowers.
The parental generation is referred to as the P1 generation and the child generation is the F1 generation, and f2 is the second offspring generation.
what is the dominant outcome
the most seen outcome
What are recessive outcomes?
do not appear in presence of dominant allele.
what are alleles?
forms of the gene ie blue eyes, brown eyes, brown hair etc.
what is a phenotype?
expression of the gene.
what is the principle of segregation?
Impose a certain genotype on the trait ie AA, aa, Aa
Capital indicates dominate
Two members of a gene pair segregate equally into the gametes
what are test crosses?
no genotype known where you cross it with a true breeding recessive gene.
when does segregation occur?
when the homologous chromosomes split during anaphase 1
when is there a mix in genetic data?
when there is a complete dominant trait in incomplete dominance ie mixing AA to Aa
what is the principle of independent assortment?
Segregation of one set of genes is independent of the segregation of another set of alleles of a different gene pair.
The hereditary transmission of one gene has no effect on the other trait, where the colour has no effect on if the pea is wrinkly or not.
The two copies of each gene segregate independently of the two copies of another gene.
