homeostasis

Question 1

what is Homeostasis

Answer 1

various physiological adaptations to living everywhere.

Question 2

what are endogenous changes?

Answer 2

these are self-imposed ways of maintaining homeostasis.

Question 3

what are sensors

Answer 3

receptors that allow the body to detect change

Question 4

what are effectors?

Answer 4

these are muscles or glands or anything that can create a change.

Question 5

what is the response?

Answer 5

this is the outcome of the detection ie sweating, shivering etc.

Question 6

what are conformers?

Answer 6

these are invertebrates that do not maintain homeostasis, and as the environment changes the inside also changes to match.

Question 7

what are regulators?

Answer 7

these are vertebrates that maintain homeostasis, they have a carrying capacity and cannot handle too hight of something or too low of something, ie cannot handle super low temperatures nor can they handle super high temperatures

Question 8

what is a physiological adjustment

Answer 8

change occuring almost instantly or over a few minutes/hours to adjust.

Question 9

what is acclimatization?

Answer 9

environmental change over weeks or months, but reversible.

Question 10

what is an evolutionary change?

Answer 10

very slow and changes habits and traits, this is not reversible.

Question 11

what maintains homeostasis?

Answer 11

the cellular membrane

Question 12

what is the membrane made of and how does it maintain homeostasis?

Answer 12

a hydrophobic tail made of fatty acid chains and hydrophilic head made of phosphate, amines and a glycerol backbone. the reason for homeostasis is the selective permeability and it is fluid.

Question 13

what is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 13

no double bonds in the tail and they favour tight packing and make a stiff membrane they are saturated with hydrogen

Question 14

what is an unsaturated fat

Answer 14

some double bonds producing kinks that make it more fluid and less tight packing

Question 15

what is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 15

proteins embedded in the membrane that allow for transport, receptors, enzymes and other anchors

Question 16

what is the purpose of a plasma membrane

Answer 16

this is critical for homeostasis and it prevents ions, prevents macromolecules from entering cells, allows for gas exchange

Question 17

what is passive transport?

Answer 17

this is simple diffusion that is good for small molecules that go down the concentration gradient to make it equal on both sides.

Question 18

what is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 18

this is for molecules too big to get across passively, it is guided through proteins via the channels basically with a tube

Question 19

what is osmosis?

Answer 19

this moves exclusively water out of a molecule, this water will be filled with solute and will move the water so both sides have the same concentration of solute, this is through aquaporins

Question 20

what is active transportation?

Answer 20

this is when there is nutrients higher on the outside and waste is higher on the inside.

Question 21

what is primary active transport?

Answer 21

this is the transport of molecules that uses ATP directly. they use 2 types of mechanisms
antiporters: moving ions in opposite directions
symporters: moving ions in the same direction
this also uses Na K ATPase (the pump breaks ATP and uses the phosphate to open and close)

Question 22

what is secondary active transport?

Answer 22

this uses ATP indirectly that moves ions indirectly, by:
1. proteins are pumped across the membrane by primary active transport
2. this creates a gradient of proteins making it more positive outside and negative inside
3. protons come back and trade places within the cell.

Question 23

what does hypotonic mean?

Answer 23

lots of water outside the cell flows in and the concentration of solute goes down, when this happen too much the cell becomes cytolysed

Question 24

what does hypertonic mean?

Answer 24

theres a lot of water flowing out of the cell and the cell becomes plasmolysed