Translation シンプル生理学 Flashcards

1
Q

emission

A

放散

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2
Q

syntagmatic relationship@

A

統合的関係

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3
Q

nitrogen

A

窒素

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4
Q

sodium

A

ナトリウム

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5
Q

endocrine cells

A

内分泌細胞

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6
Q

supporting cells

A

支持組織

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7
Q

organ

A

器官

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8
Q

sensory system

A

感覚系

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9
Q

circulatory system

A

循環系

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10
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

筋骨格系

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11
Q

totiopotency… ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism including extraembryonic tissue

A

分化全能性

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12
Q

morula

A

桑実胚(そうじつはい)

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13
Q

blastocyst

A

胚盤胞

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14
Q

ecto/meso/endoderm

A

外・中・内胚葉

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15
Q

marrow stromal cells

A

骨髄間質細胞

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16
Q

primitive gut

A

原子腸管

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17
Q

inheritance

A

継承

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18
Q

chromatin

A

染色質(クロマチン)

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19
Q

nuclear body

A

核小体

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20
Q

centriole

A

中心小体

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21
Q

autophagy

A

オートファジー

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22
Q

hydrogen peroxide

A

過酸化水素

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23
Q

flow of protoplasm

A

原形質流動

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24
Q

secretory granule

A

内分泌顆粒

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25
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

神経筋接合部

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26
Q

recognition signal

A

認識シグナル

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27
Q

cell adhesion

A

細胞接着

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28
Q

passive

A

受動的

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29
Q

selective permeability

A

選択的透過性

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30
Q

solute

A

溶質

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31
Q

im/-permeable

A

不・浸透性

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32
Q

solution

A

溶液

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33
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

促通拡散

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34
Q

ion channel

A

イオンチャネル

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35
Q

voltage gated channel

A

電位依存性チャネル

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36
Q

carrier protein

A

キャリアタンパク質

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37
Q

glucose transporter (GLUT)

A

糖輸送担体

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38
Q

integral membrane protein

A

膜内在性タンパク質

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39
Q

germ cells

A

生殖細胞

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40
Q

autosomal chromosome

A

常染色体

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41
Q

sex chromosome

A

性染色体

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42
Q

dormancy

A

休止期

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43
Q

spindle apparatus

A

紡錘体

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44
Q

sertoli cells

A

セルトリ細胞

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45
Q

pluripotency

A

多能性

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46
Q

multipotency

A

多分化能

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47
Q

three germ layers

A

三胚葉(外・中・内胚葉)

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48
Q

inner cell mass

A

内部細胞塊

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49
Q

somatic stem cells

A

体性幹細胞

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50
Q

tissue stem cell

A

組織幹細胞

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51
Q

crossing over

A

交叉(こうさ)・乗り換え

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52
Q

feedback control

A

フィードバック制御

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53
Q

feedforward control

A

フィードフォワード制御

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54
Q

disturbance

A

外乱

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55
Q

comply, follow

A

追従

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56
Q

homeostasis

A

ホメオスタシス(生体恒常性)

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57
Q

extracellular fluid

A

細胞外液

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58
Q

external/internal environment

A

外・内部環境

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59
Q

electrolyte composition

A

電解質組成

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60
Q

medullary respiratory center

A

延髄呼吸中枢

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61
Q

anterior pituitary

A

下垂体前葉

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62
Q

gonad

A

性腺

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63
Q

follicle

A

卵胞

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64
Q

ovarian hormone

A

卵巣ホルモン

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65
Q

ovulation

A

排卵

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66
Q

peripheral

A

末梢

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67
Q

glycogenolysis

A

糖原分解

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68
Q

neural information processing

A

神経情報処理

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69
Q

proprioceptor… sensory receptor that receives stimuli from within the body, especially one that responds to position and movement.

A

固有受容器

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70
Q

muscle spindle… stretch receptors that signal the length and changes in length of muscles

A

筋紡錘

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71
Q

golgi tendon organ… tree like sensory ending enclosed in a spindle like connective tissue capsule, that lies near the junction of a tendon within a muscle

A

ゴルジ腱器官

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72
Q

cerebellum

A

小脳

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73
Q

motor learning

A

運動学習

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74
Q

synaptic cleft

A

シナプス間隙(かんげき)

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75
Q

sensory receptors

A

感覚受容器

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76
Q

effector organ

A

効果器

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77
Q

glial cells

A

グリア細胞

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78
Q

neuronal cell body

A

神経細胞体

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79
Q

axon

A

軸索

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80
Q

dendrite

A

樹状突起

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81
Q

myelin sheath

A

髄鞘(ずいしょう)

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82
Q

node of Ranvier

A

ランビエ絞輪(こうりん)

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83
Q

schwann cells

A

シュワン細胞

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84
Q

myelinated nerve

A

有髄神経

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85
Q

unmyelinated nerve

A

無髄神経

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86
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

希突起膠細胞(きとっきこう)

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87
Q

nerve ending

A

神経終末

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88
Q

presynaptic cells

A

シナプス前細胞

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89
Q

postsynaptic cells

A

シナプス後細胞

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90
Q

wallerian degeneration。。。細胞体から切り離された軸索が変性し消滅してしまうこと

A

ワーラー変性

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91
Q

central/peripheral nervous system

A

中枢・末梢神経系

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92
Q

resting potential

A

静止膜電位

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93
Q

electric potential gradient

A

電位勾配

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94
Q

equilibrium potential

A

平衡電位

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95
Q

nernst equation

A

ネルンストの式 EK+=RT/FZln[K+in]/[K+out]=-61.5log[K+i]/[K+out]…Z=valance charge, F=faraday constant, R=gas constant, EK+=カリウムの平衡電位

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96
Q

unequal distribution

A

不等分布

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97
Q

action potential

A

活動電位

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98
Q

depolarization

A

脱分極

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99
Q

overshoot…細胞内部が外部に対しプラスになること

A

オーバーシュート

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100
Q

repolarization

A

再分極

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101
Q

hyperpolarization

A

過分極

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102
Q

after-hyperpolarization (aka positive after potential)

A

後過分極(陽性後電位)

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103
Q

after-depolarization (negative after potential)

A

陰性後電位

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104
Q

threshold stimulus

A

閾刺激(いき)

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105
Q

threshold potential

A

閾電位

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106
Q

subliminal/subthreshold stimuli

A

閾下刺激

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107
Q

supra-threshold

A

閾上刺激

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108
Q

all or none law

A

全か無かの法則

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109
Q

refractory period

A

不応期

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110
Q

absolute refractory period

A

絶対不応期

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111
Q

relative refractory period

A

相対不応期

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112
Q

propagate, spread

A

伝播(でんぱん)

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113
Q

excitation conduction

A

興奮の伝導

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114
Q

bilateral conduction

A

両側性伝導

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115
Q

isolated conduction

A

絶縁性伝導

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116
Q

non-decrement (reduction) conduction

A

不減衰伝導

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117
Q

principles, general rules

A

原則

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118
Q

saltatory conduction

A

跳躍伝導(ちょうやく)

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119
Q

electric insulation

A

電気的絶縁性

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120
Q

afferent

A

求心性

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121
Q

priprioceptor

A

固有受容器

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122
Q

sensory nerve

A

知覚神経

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123
Q

pain

A

痛覚

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124
Q

paralysis

A

麻痺

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125
Q

sense of touch

A

触覚

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126
Q

sense of pressure

A

圧覚

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127
Q

preganglionic autonomic nerve

A

節前自律神経

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128
Q

compound action potential

A

複合活動電位

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129
Q

threshold

A

閾値

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130
Q

nerve trunk/stem

A

神経幹

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131
Q

divided peaks

A

峰分かれ

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132
Q

electrical/chemical synapose

A

電気・化学シナプス

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133
Q

hippocampus

A

海馬

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134
Q

cerebral cortex

A

大脳皮質

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135
Q

inhibitory interneuron

A

抑制性介在神経細胞

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136
Q

mechanism

A

機序(きじょ)

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137
Q

fusion

A

癒合(ゆごう)

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138
Q

reabsorption

A

再取り込み

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139
Q

excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP)

A

興奮性シナプス後電位

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140
Q

excitatory synapse

A

興奮性シナプス

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141
Q

inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP)

A

抑制性シナプス後電位

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142
Q

addition

A

加算

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143
Q

inhibitory synapse

A

抑制性シナプス

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144
Q

spatial summation

A

空間的加重

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145
Q

temporal summation

A

時間的加重

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146
Q

pre/postsynaptic inhibition

A

シナプス前・後抑制

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147
Q

convergence

A

収束(収斂(しゅうれん))

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148
Q

recurrent circuit

A

反回回路

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149
Q

synaptic plasticity

A

シナプスの可塑性(かそせい)

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150
Q

high/low frequency stimulus

A

高・低頻度刺激

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151
Q

long-term potential (LTP)

A

長期増強

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152
Q

explicit/declarative memory…a type of long-term memory that involves conscious recollection of particular facts and events.

A

宣言的記憶

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153
Q

NMDA-type receptor channel

A

NMDA型受容体チャネル

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154
Q

long-term depression (LTP)

A

長期抑圧

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155
Q

purkinje cells

A

プルキンエ細胞

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156
Q

parallel/climbing fibers

A

平行・登上線維

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157
Q

AMPA type glutamate receptor

A

AMPA型グルタミン酸受容体

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158
Q

optogenetics

A

光遺伝学

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159
Q

photoresponsive proteins

A

光応答性タンパク質

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160
Q

photoresponsive channel rhodopsin

A

光応答性チャネルロドプシン2(ChR2)

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161
Q

sensory receptors

A

感覚受容器

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162
Q

pain receptors

A

痛覚器

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163
Q

action potential (impulse)

A

活動電位(インパルス)

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164
Q

mechanical, temperature, electromagnetic

A

機械的、温度的、電磁的

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165
Q

vestibular sense

A

前庭覚(ぜんていかく)

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166
Q

hearing

A

聴覚

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167
Q

sensory unit

A

感覚単位

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168
Q

receptive field

A

受容野(じゅようや)

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169
Q

generator/receptor potential

A

起動・受容器電位

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170
Q

end-plate potential

A

終板電位

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171
Q

analog converter

A

アナログ変換器

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172
Q

analog-digital converter

A

アナログーデジタル変換器(ad converter)

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173
Q

amplitude

A

振幅(しんぷく)

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174
Q

adaptation

A

順応

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175
Q

pacinian corpuscles… encapsulated ending of a sensory nerve that acts as a receptor for pressure and vibration

A

パチニ小体

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176
Q

phasic receptor

A

相動性受容器

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177
Q

carotid sinus receptor

A

頸動脈洞受容器

(どうみゃくどう)

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178
Q

stretch receptor

A

伸展受容器

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179
Q

tonic receptor

A

緊張性受容器

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180
Q

gentle and quiet

A

緩徐(かんじょ)

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181
Q

nociceptive

A

侵害性

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182
Q

posture maintenance

A

姿勢保持

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183
Q

neocortical sensory area

A

新皮質感覚野

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184
Q

sensory info

A

感覚情報

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185
Q

phases, stages

A

諸段階

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186
Q

reflex arc

A

反射弓(はんしゃきゅう)

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187
Q

cerebral cortex (neocortex)

A

大脳皮質(新皮質)

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188
Q

thalamus

A

視床(ししょう)

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189
Q

relay

A

中継

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190
Q

primary sensory area

A

一次感覚野

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191
Q

projection

A

投射

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192
Q

sensed

A

感覚される

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193
Q

ventrobasal complex

A

腹側基底核群(VPM (ventral posterior medial) と VPL (ventral posterior lateral))

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194
Q

deep sensation

A

深部知覚

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195
Q

medial/lateral geniculate body

A

内・外側膝状体(がいそくしつじょうたい)

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196
Q

thalamic nucleus

A

視床核

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197
Q

nonspecific/specific thalamic projection system

A

非・特殊視床投射系

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198
Q

brain stem

A

脳幹部

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199
Q

brainstem reticular formation

A

脳幹網様体

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200
Q

ascend

A

上行

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201
Q

intralaminar nuclei

A

髄板内核

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202
Q

reuniens nuclus

A

連合核

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203
Q

activation

A

賦活(ふかつ)

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204
Q

central sulcus

A

中心溝

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205
Q

primary somatosensory area

A

一次体性感覚野

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206
Q

brainstem reflex

A

脳幹反射

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207
Q

spinal reflex

A

脊髄反射

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208
Q

be felt, not be felt

A

意識に上る、上らない感覚

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209
Q

special sensation

A

特殊感覚

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210
Q

somatic afferent nerve

A

体性求心性神経

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211
Q

visceral afferent nerve

A

内臓求心性神経

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212
Q

common sensation

A

一般感覚

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213
Q

somatic sensation

A

体性感覚

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214
Q

visceral sensation

A

内臓感覚

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215
Q

joint

A

関節

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216
Q

external urethral sphincter muscle

A

外尿道括約筋

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217
Q

external anal sphincter muscle

A

外肛門括約筋

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218
Q

voluntary

A

随意的

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219
Q

striated muscle

A

横紋筋

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220
Q

fast muscle, slow muscle, white muscle, red muscle

A

速、遅、白、赤筋

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221
Q

myoglobin

A

ミオグロビン

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222
Q

involuntary muscle

A

不随意筋

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223
Q

multi-unit smooth muscle

A

多ユニット平滑筋

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224
Q

single-unit smooth muscle

A

単一ユニット平滑筋

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225
Q

syncytium… a network of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discs that enable the rapid transmission of electrical impulses through the network enabling the syncytium to act in a coordinated contraction of the muocardium.

A

合胞体

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226
Q

tendon

A

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227
Q

myofibril

A

筋原線維

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228
Q

sarcomere

A

筋節(サルコメあ)

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229
Q

A,I,H,Z band

A

A,I,H,Z帯

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230
Q

cross bridge

A

架け橋(クロスブリッジ)

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231
Q

calcium ion, Ca2+

A

カルシウムイオン

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232
Q

troponin

A

トロポニン

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233
Q

tropomyosin

A

トロポミオシン

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234
Q

transverse tubules, T tubules

A

横行小管

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235
Q

triad

A

三連構造(トライアッド)

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236
Q

excitation-contraction coupling

A

興奮ー収縮連関

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237
Q

terminal cisternae

A

終末槽

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238
Q

Lohmann’s reaction…an easily reversible reaction occurring in muscle, in which the high-energy phosphate bond of ATP is transferred to creatine, forming creatine phosphate; the reaction is catalyzed by creatine kinase

A

ローマン反応

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239
Q

acetylcholine

A

アセチルコリン

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240
Q

end-plate, motor end-plate

A

終板(運動終板)

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241
Q

nicotinic receptor

A

ニコチン性受容体

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242
Q

end-plate potential

A

終板電位

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243
Q

acetylcholinesterase

A

アセチルコリンエステラーぜ

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244
Q

muscle twitch

A

単収縮

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245
Q

motor unit

A

運動単位

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246
Q

tension

A

張力

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247
Q

developed tension

A

発生張力

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248
Q

isometric contraction

A

等尺性収縮(アイソメトリック・コントラクション)

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249
Q

external force

A

外力

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250
Q

isotonic contraction

A

等張性収縮

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251
Q

concentric contraction

A

求心性収縮(コンセントリック・コントラクション)

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252
Q

eccentric contraction

A

遠心収縮(エキセントリック・コントラクション)

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253
Q

tetanus

A

強縮

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254
Q

summation of muscle contraction

A

収縮の加重

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255
Q

incomplete/complete tetanus

A

不・完全強縮

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256
Q

passive tension

A

受動張力

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257
Q

resting length

A

静止長

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258
Q

total tension

A

全張力

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259
Q

active tension

A

活動張力

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260
Q

elbow

A

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261
Q

muscle fatigue

A

筋肉の疲労

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262
Q

anaerobic/aerobic

A

無・有酸素

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263
Q

phosphocreatine, aka creatine phosphate (CP)

A

クレアチンリン酸(CP、非乳酸系)

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264
Q

heat generation

A

熱発生

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265
Q

initial heat

A

初期熱

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266
Q

recovery heat

A

回復熱

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267
Q

electromyography

A

筋電図(ECM)

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268
Q

surface ECM

A

表面筋電図

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269
Q

evoked electromyography

A

誘発筋電図法

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270
Q

specialized cardiac muscle

A

特殊心筋

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271
Q

ordinary cardiac muscle

A

固有心筋

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272
Q

sympathetic nerve

A

交感神経

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273
Q

parasympathetic nerve

A

副交感神経

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274
Q

dual innervation

A

二重支配

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275
Q

sinoatrial node

A

洞房結節(どうぼうけっせつ)

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276
Q

atrioventricular node

A

ぼうしつけっせつ

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277
Q

bundle of his

A

ヒス束

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278
Q

purkinje fiber

A

プルキンエ線維

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279
Q

boundary membrane

A

境界膜

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280
Q

atrium

A

心房

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281
Q

ventricle

A

心室

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282
Q

intercalated discs

A

介在板

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283
Q

pacemaker cells

A

歩調とり細胞(ペースメーカー細胞)

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284
Q

beat

A

拍動

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285
Q

pacemaker potential

A

歩調とり電位

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286
Q

plateau

A

プラトー

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287
Q

innervation

A

神経支配

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288
Q

dominant nerve

A

支配神経

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289
Q

norepinephrine/noradrenaline

A

ノルエピネフリン・ノルアドレナリン

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290
Q

visceral smooth muscle

A

内臓平滑筋

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291
Q

interstitial cells of Cajal

A

かハールの間質細胞

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292
Q

spermatic duct

A

輸精管

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293
Q

spontaneous

A

自発的

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294
Q

slow wave

A

徐波

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295
Q

rhythmical

A

律動的(りつどう)

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296
Q

iris

A

虹彩(こうさい)

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297
Q

sphincter

A

括約筋

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298
Q

mechanosensitive receptors

A

機械受容チャネル

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299
Q

agonist stimulation

A

アゴニスト刺激

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300
Q

calmodulin

A

カルモジュリン

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301
Q

myosin light chain kinase

A

ミオシン軽鎖キナーゼ

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302
Q

individual maintenance

A

個体維持

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303
Q

preservation of species

A

種族保持

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304
Q

adaptivity

A

適応的

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305
Q

creative/plastic

A

創造的

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306
Q

effector

A

効果器

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307
Q

reflex arc

A

反射弓

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308
Q

flexion reflex

A

屈曲反射

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309
Q

afferent/efferent pathway1

A

求・遠路

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310
Q

reflex center

A

反射中枢

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311
Q

ascending track

A

上行路

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312
Q

ventral/distal(posterior) root

A

前・後根

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313
Q

spinal cord

A

脊髄

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314
Q

skull

A

頭蓋骨

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315
Q

red nucleus… occupies a large portion of the ventral midbrain tegmentum rostrally and contains very large cells. It is primarily involved in limb control especially during reaching movements

A

赤核

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316
Q

tectum… a major part of the midbrain of vertebrates. In vertebrates such as fish, reptiles and birds, it is the main visual processor of the brain.

A

視蓋(しがい)

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317
Q

raphe nucleus…is considered to be part of the reticular formation and is located in the brainstem. It is responsible for the release of serotonin to other parts of the brain.

A

縫線核(ほうせんかく)

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318
Q

locus coeruleus… is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic. It is a part of the reticular activating system.

A

青斑

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319
Q

telencephalon

A

終脳

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320
Q

lateral sulcus

A

外側溝

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321
Q

frontal lobe

A

前頭葉

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322
Q

parietal lobe

A

頭頂葉

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323
Q

occupical lobe

A

後頭葉

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324
Q

cerebellum

A

小脳

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325
Q

temporal lobe

A

側頭葉

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326
Q

medulla oblangata

A

延髄

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327
Q

pons

A

橋(きょう)

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328
Q

midbrain

A

中脳

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329
Q

cervical spine

A

頸椎

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330
Q

cervical nerve

A

頚神経

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331
Q

thoracic spine

A

胸椎

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332
Q

thoracic nerve

A

神経

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333
Q

spine

A

脊柱

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334
Q

lumbar spine

A

腰椎

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335
Q

lumbar nerve

A

腰神経

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336
Q

sacrum

A

仙骨

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337
Q

sacral nerve

A

仙骨神経

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338
Q

coccyx

A

尾骨

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339
Q

coccygeal nerve

A

尾骨神経

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340
Q

vertebral canal

A

脊椎管

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341
Q

spinal ganglion

A

脊髄神経節

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342
Q

grey matter

A

灰白質

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343
Q

white matter

A

白質

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344
Q

ventral/lateral/dorsal horn

A

前、側、後角

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345
Q

alpha-motor neuron

A

α運動神経細胞(α運動ニューロン)

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346
Q

ventral/anterior root fibers

A

前根線維

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347
Q

anterior, posterior, lateral funiculus

A

前、後、側索

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348
Q

spinal ascending pathway

A

脊髄上行路

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349
Q

spinal descending pathway

A

脊髄下行路

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350
Q

retucular formation

A

網様体

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351
Q

vestibular nucleus

A

前庭核

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352
Q

corticospinal tract

A

皮質脊髄路

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353
Q

corticobulbar tract

A

皮質延髄路

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354
Q

pyramidal tract

A

錐体路

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355
Q

Bell-Magendie’s law

A

ベルーマジャンディーの法則

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356
Q

dermatome

A

皮膚節(デルマトーム)

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357
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

立毛筋

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358
Q

muscle branch/rami musculares

A

筋枝

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359
Q

rubrospinal tract… a descending pathway, beginning as axons of the neurons present in the red nucleus and terminates by synapsing with the interneurons in the spinal cord. It is part of the extrapyramidal system and is important for regulating the activity of the motor neurons.

A

赤核脊髄路

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360
Q

tectospinal tract… is part of the extrapyramidal system of the long descending motor pathway.[1] It is involved in orienting the eyes and the head towards sounds as part of the auditory and visual reflex.[2] It originates from the superior colliculus, which is involved in both the auditory and visual pathways.

A

視蓋脊髄路

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361
Q

vestibulospinal tract… are descending tracts present in the spinal cord, ie a bundle of nerve fibers that carry information from the higher centers of the brain to the peripheral parts of the body.

A

前庭脊髄路

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362
Q

reticulospinal tract…a descending tract present in the white matter of the spinal cord, originating in the reticular formation (the archaic core of those pathways connecting the spinal cord and the brain).

A

網様体脊髄路

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363
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

中脳水道

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364
Q

longitudinal

A

縦貫(じゅうかん)

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365
Q

dorsal

A

背側

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366
Q

tectum mesencephali

A

中脳蓋

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367
Q

ventral

A

腹側

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368
Q

cerebral peduncle

A

大脳脚

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369
Q

tegmentum mesencephali

A

中脳被蓋

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370
Q

quadrigeminal bodies (superior and inferior colliculus)

A

四丘体(しきゅうたい)(上、下丘)

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371
Q

accessory nucleus of the occulomotor nerve

A

動眼神経副核

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372
Q

trochlear nucleus

A

滑車神経核(かっしゃ)

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373
Q

interpeduncular nucleus

A

脚間核

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374
Q

tegmentum… a region of grey matter on either side of the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain.

A

被蓋(ひがい)

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375
Q

raphe… the seamlike union of the two lateral halves of a part or organ (such as the tongue) having externally a ridge or furrow.

A

縫線(ほうせん)

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376
Q

hypoglossal nucleus

A

舌下(ぜっか)神経核

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377
Q

glossopharyngeal

A

舌咽(ぜついん)

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378
Q

nucleus of the vagus nerve

A

迷走神経核

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379
Q

dorsal column nucleus

A

後索核

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380
Q

olivary nucleus

A

オリーブ核

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381
Q

arcurate nucleus

A

弓状核

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382
Q

nuclei of the solitary tract

A

孤束核

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383
Q

ambiguous nucleus

A

疑核

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384
Q

brainstem reticular formation

A

脳幹網様体

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385
Q

reticular activating system

A

脳幹網様体賦活系(ふかつけい)

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386
Q

biogenic amine nervous system

A

生体アミン神経系

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387
Q

olfactory nerve (I)

A

嗅神経

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388
Q

optic nerve (II)

A

視神経

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389
Q

occulomotor nerve (III)

A

動眼神経

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390
Q

trochlear nerve (IV)

A

滑車神経

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391
Q

trigeminal nerve (V)

A

三叉神経(さんさ)

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392
Q

abducens nerve (VI)

A

外転神経

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393
Q

facial nerve (VII)

A

顔面神経

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394
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

A

前庭蝸牛神経(内耳神経)

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395
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

A

舌咽神経

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396
Q

vagus nerve (X)

A

迷走神経

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397
Q

accessory nerve (XI)

A

副神経

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398
Q

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

A

舌下神経

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399
Q

somatic nervous system

A

体性神経系

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400
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

自律神経系

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401
Q

somatic reflex

A

体性反射

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402
Q

aortic arch

A

大動脈弓

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403
Q

diopter…a unit of refractive power, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length (in metres) of a given lens.

A

ジオプトリー

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404
Q

cornea

A

角膜

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405
Q

aqueous humor of the anterior chamber

A

前眼房水

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406
Q

lens

A

水晶体(レンズ)

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407
Q

vitreous

A

硝子体(しょうしたい)

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408
Q

sclera

A

強膜

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409
Q

ciliary zonule

A

毛様体小帯

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410
Q

ciliary body

A

毛様体

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411
Q

schlem’s canal

A

シュレム管

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412
Q

bipolar cell

A

双極細胞

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413
Q

horizontal cells

A

水平細胞

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414
Q

amacrine cells

A

アマクリン細胞

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415
Q

ganglion cells

A

神経節細胞

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416
Q

photopic vision

A

明所視

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417
Q

color vision

A

色彩視

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418
Q

brightness vision

A

明暗視

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419
Q

scotopic vision

A

暗所視

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420
Q

macula

A

黄斑

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421
Q

fovea

A

中心窩(ちゅうしんか)

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422
Q

choroid

A

脈絡膜

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423
Q

optic disc

A

視神経乳頭

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424
Q

imaging

A

結像

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425
Q

refraction

A

屈折

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426
Q

biconvex lens

A

両凸レンズ

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427
Q

focal point

A

主焦点

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428
Q

main optical axis

A

主光軸

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429
Q

focal length

A

主焦点距離

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430
Q

refractive power

A

屈折力

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431
Q

schematic eye

A

模型眼

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432
Q

reduced eye

A

省略眼

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433
Q

optic angle

A

視角

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434
Q

node

A

結節点

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435
Q

accomodation

A

遠近調節

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436
Q

far-sightedness, hyperopia

A

遠視

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437
Q

short-signtedness, myopia

A

近視

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438
Q

astigmatism

A

乱視

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439
Q

presbyopea

A

老眼

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440
Q

vision

A

視力

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441
Q

static vision

A

静止視力

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442
Q

dynamic vision

A

動体視力

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443
Q

visual acuity (sharpness) for depth

A

深視力

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444
Q

unaided vision

A

裸眼視力

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445
Q

corrected eyesight

A

矯正視力

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446
Q

unilateral vision

A

片眼視力

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447
Q

binocular visual acuity

A

両眼視力

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448
Q

near vision

A

近見視力

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449
Q

distance vision

A

遠見視力

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450
Q

chromophore…an atom or group whose presence is responsible for the colour of a compound.

A

発色団

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451
Q

photoreceptive mechanism

A

光受容機構

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452
Q

adaptation to darkness

A

暗順応

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453
Q

adaptation to light

A

明順応

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454
Q

hue…the attribute of a colour by virtue of which it is discernible as red, green, etc., and which is dependent on its dominant wavelength and independent of intensity or lightness.

A

色相

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455
Q

ganglion cells

A

神経節細胞

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456
Q

M/parasol and P/midget ganglion cells

A

M・パラソルとP・ミジェット神経節細胞

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457
Q

optic chiasm

A

視交叉

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458
Q

optic tract

A

視索

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459
Q

lateral geniculate body

A

外側膝状体(しつじょうたい)

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460
Q

magnocellular layer

A

大細胞層

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461
Q

parvocellular layer

A

小細胞層

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462
Q

half-blindness

A

半盲症

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463
Q

primary visual area

A

一次視覚野

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464
Q

lateral ventricle

A

側脳室

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465
Q

column

A

コラム

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466
Q

color vision

A

色覚

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467
Q

brightness

A

明度

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468
Q

colorfullness, saturation

A

彩度

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469
Q

blob

A

ブロッブ

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470
Q

field of vision

A

視野

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471
Q

orbit

A

眼窩

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472
Q

Mariotte blind spot

A

マリオットの盲点

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473
Q

binocular vision

A

両眼視

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474
Q

diplopia

A

複視

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475
Q

sound wave

A

音波

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476
Q

sound conductive system

A

伝音系

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477
Q

outer ear

A

外耳

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478
Q

inner ear

A

内耳

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479
Q

auricle

A

耳介

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480
Q

ear canal

A

外耳道

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481
Q

ear drum/ tympanic membrane

A

鼓膜

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482
Q

temporal bone

A

側頭骨

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483
Q

eustatian tube

A

耳管

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484
Q

nasal cavity

A

鼻腔

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485
Q

oral cavity

A

口腔

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486
Q

malleus, incus, stapes

A

つち、きぬた、あぶみ骨

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487
Q

oval window

A

前庭窓(ぜんていそう)・卵円窓

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488
Q

tensor tympani muscle

A

鼓膜張筋

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489
Q

stapedius muscle

A

あぶみ骨筋

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490
Q

cochlear duct

A

蝸牛管

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491
Q

organ of corti

A

コルチ器官

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492
Q

bony labyrinth

A

骨迷路

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493
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

膜迷路

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494
Q

semicircular canal

A

半規管

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495
Q

otolith organ (utricle and saccule)..They are part of the balancing system (membranous labyrinth) in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (small oval chamber). They use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation.

A

耳石器(じせきき)(卵形嚢(nou)と球形嚢)

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496
Q

peri/endolymph

A

外・内リンパ

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497
Q

vestibular organs

A

前庭器官

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498
Q

sense of equilib, balance

A

平衡感覚

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499
Q

db=20log(sound of subject pressure/sound pressure of reference level)

A

デシベル=20log(被検音の圧力/基準音の圧力)

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500
Q

basement membrane

A

基底膜

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501
Q

vestibular membrane of Reissner

A

ライスネル膜

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502
Q

scala vestibuli…the upper bony passage of the cochlea.

A

前庭階

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503
Q

scala tympani…the lower bony passage of the cochlea.

A

鼓室階

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504
Q

helicotrema…is the part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet.

A

蝸牛孔

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505
Q

round window

A

蝸牛孔(正円窓)

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506
Q

base/apex of the cochlea

A

蝸牛底・蝸牛頂

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507
Q

outer/inner hair cells

A

外・内側有毛細胞

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508
Q

reticular lamina

A

網状板

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509
Q

tectorial membrane

A

蓋膜(gaimaku)

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510
Q

buried, embedded

A

埋没

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511
Q

spiral ganglion

A

らせん神経節(蝸牛神経節)

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512
Q

sine wave

A

正弦波

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513
Q

amplitude

A

振幅

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514
Q

sound pressure

A

音圧

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515
Q

frequency

A

周波数

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516
Q

resonance frequency

A

共振周波数

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517
Q

ampullary crest… An elevation on the inner surface of the ampulla of each semicircular duct, through which filaments of the vestibular nerve pass to reach hair cells on the surface.

A

膨大部稜(りょう)

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518
Q

macula

A

平衡斑

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519
Q

otolithic membrane

A

耳石膜

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520
Q

kinocilium and stereocilium

A

動毛・不動毛

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521
Q

ortogonal… lying at right angles

A

直交

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522
Q

flocculonodular lobe

A

片葉小節葉

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523
Q

vestibulocerebellum

A

前庭小脳

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524
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

嗅上皮

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525
Q

olfactory cells

A

嗅細胞

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526
Q

nasal concha

A

鼻甲介(びこうかい)

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527
Q

bowman’s gland

A

ボーマン腺

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528
Q

olfactory vesicle

A

嗅小胞

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529
Q

olfactory hair

A

嗅毛

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530
Q

olfactory nerve

A

嗅神経

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531
Q

sieve plate

A

篩板(しばん)

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532
Q

olfactory bulb

A

嗅球

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533
Q

odoroud substance

A

におい物質

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534
Q

volatile substance

A

揮発性物質

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535
Q

olfactory tract

A

嗅束

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536
Q

tip

A

尖端

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537
Q

ethmoid bone

A

篩骨

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538
Q

mitral cells

A

僧帽細胞

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539
Q

lateral olfactory tract

A

外側嗅索

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540
Q

priform cortex

A

梨(り)状葉皮質

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541
Q

frontal lobe orbital gyri

A

前頭葉眼窩回

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542
Q

taste buds

A

味蕾(みらい)

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543
Q

gustatory/taste cells

A

味細胞

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544
Q

circumvallate papilla

A

有郭乳頭(ゆうかく)

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545
Q

foliate papilla

A

葉状乳頭

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546
Q

buccal mucosa

A

頬粘膜

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547
Q

soft palate

A

軟口蓋

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548
Q

palatopharyngeal

A

口蓋咽頭

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549
Q

epiglottis

A

喉頭蓋(こうとうがい)

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550
Q

gustatory pore

A

味孔

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551
Q

taste nerve

A

味神経

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552
Q

primary taste

A

基本味

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553
Q

chorda tympani

A

鼓索神経

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554
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

舌咽神経

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555
Q

ruffini corpuscle

A

ルフィニ小体

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556
Q

merkel’s tactile disk

A

メルケル触覚盤

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557
Q

meissner’s corpuscle

A

マイネル小体

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558
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

パチニ小体

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559
Q

krause’s corpuscle

A

クラウゼ小体

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560
Q

free nerve ending

A

自由神経終末

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561
Q

mechanical receptor

A

機械受容器

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562
Q

nociceptor

A

侵害受容器

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563
Q

two-point threshold

A

2点弁別閾

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564
Q

warm/cold receptor

A

温・冷受容器

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565
Q

nociceptive pain

A

侵害受容性疼痛(とうつう)

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566
Q

neuropathic pain

A

神経因性疼痛

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567
Q

noxious stimulus

A

侵害刺激

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568
Q

chronic pain

A

慢性疼痛

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569
Q

endogenous pain producing substances

A

内因性発痛物質

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570
Q

dorsal root

A

後根

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571
Q

substance P

A

サブスタンスP

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572
Q

medial lemniscus

A

内側毛帯

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573
Q

ventrolateral spinothalmic tract

A

腹外側脊髄視床路

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574
Q

gyrus postcentralis

A

中心後回

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575
Q

somatotopic representation

A

体部位再現

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576
Q

deep sensation (proprioception)

A

深部感覚(固有覚)

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577
Q

kinesthesia/ sennse of resistance/sense of gravity

A

運動・抵抗・重力覚

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578
Q

ligament

A

靭帯

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579
Q

periosteum

A

骨膜

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580
Q

deep reflex

A

深部反射

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581
Q

cutaneous/flexion/abdominal wall/babinski reflex

A

皮膚・屈曲・腹壁・バビンスキー反射

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582
Q

capsule

A

被膜

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583
Q

intrafusal/extrafusal muscle fiber

A

錘内・外筋線維

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584
Q

nuclear bag fiber

A

核袋線維(かくたい)

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585
Q

nuclear chain fiber

A

核鎖線維

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586
Q

primary or annulospiral ending…a type of nerve fiber ending in muscle spindles in which the nerve fiber is wrapped around the muscle fiber near the center of the spindle.

A

一次あるいはらせん終末

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587
Q

secondary or flower spray ending…a type of nerve-fiber ending at the thin ends of a muscle spindle in which the fiber branches out across the surface of the spindle.

A

二次あるいは散形終末

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588
Q

dymanic reaction

A

動的反応

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589
Q

static reaction

A

静的反応

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590
Q

merge

A

併合

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591
Q

alpha-gamma linkage

A

αーγ連関

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592
Q

golgi tendon organ

A

ゴルジ腱器官

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593
Q

pod

A

莢(さや)

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594
Q

tendon bundle

A

腱束

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595
Q

kinesthesia

A

運動感

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596
Q

deep pain

A

深部痛覚

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597
Q

joint capsule

A

関節包

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598
Q

extension/expansion

A

伸展

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599
Q

kinin

A

キニン

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600
Q

ischemia

A

虚血状態

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601
Q

rhythmical

A

律動的

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602
Q

visceral afferent system

A

内臓求心性

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603
Q

thrist

A

渇き

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604
Q

nausea

A

悪心(おしん)

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605
Q

desire to defecate

A

便意

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606
Q

sexual sense

A

性感覚

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607
Q

visceral sensation

A

臓器感覚

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608
Q

limbic system

A

大脳辺縁系

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609
Q

vomit

A

嘔吐

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610
Q

trachea

A

気管

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611
Q

pharynx

A

咽頭

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612
Q

rectum

A

直腸

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613
Q

vagina

A

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614
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

中心後回

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615
Q

referred pain

A

関連痛

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616
Q

radiating pain

A

放散痛

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617
Q

segment

A

体節

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618
Q

dermatome

A

皮膚節

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619
Q

spinothalmic tract

A

脊髄視床路

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620
Q

convergence-projection theory

A

収斂(しゅうれん)(収束でもいい)ー投射説

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621
Q

colon

A

結腸

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622
Q

appendix

A

虫垂(ちゅうすい)

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623
Q

white rami communicans…which is also known as the white communicating branch or the white communicating ramus, contains preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system. The white ramus communicans is a structure that anteriorly connects the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk.

A

白交通枝

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624
Q

gray rami communicans…The gray rami communicantes contain postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system and are composed of largely unmyelinated neurons. This is in contrast to the white rami communicantes, in which heavily myelinated neurons give the rami their white appearance.

A

灰白交通枝(かいはくこうつうし)

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625
Q

autonomic function

A

自律機能

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626
Q

visceral function

A

内臓機能

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627
Q

spinal ganglion

A

脊髄神経節

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628
Q

cranial sensory ganglion

A

感覚性脳神経節

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629
Q

afferent/efferent fiber

A

求心性・遠心性線維

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630
Q

preganglionic/presynaptic fiber

A

節前線維

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631
Q

intervertebral foramen

A

椎間孔(ついかんこう)

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632
Q

sympathetic trunk

A

交感神経幹

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633
Q

satellate ganglion

A

星状神経節

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634
Q

sympathetic paraganglia

A

傍交感神経

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635
Q

postganglionic/postsynaptic fiber

A

節後線維

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636
Q

cephalic portion of the parasympathetic nerve

A

頭部副交感神経

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637
Q

sacral portion of the parasympathetic nerve

A

仙部副交感神経

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638
Q

pelvic nerve

A

骨盤神経

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639
Q

nerve plexus

A

神経叢(そう)

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640
Q

exchange

A

換える

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641
Q

cholinergic fibers

A

コリン作動性線維

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642
Q

adrenergic fibers

A

アドレナリン作動性線維

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643
Q

acetylcholine

A

アセチルコリン

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644
Q

sweat gland

A

汗腺 (かんせん)

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645
Q

choline acetyltransferase

A

コリンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ(ChAT)

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645
Q

index… a measure of something

A

指標

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646
Q

neurotransmitter

A

神経伝達物質

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647
Q

locus coeruleus。。。is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic. It is a part of the reticular activating system.

A

星斑核

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648
Q

limbic system

A

辺縁系

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649
Q

nicotinic receptor

A

ニコチン性受容体

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650
Q

muscarinic receptor

A

ムスカリン性受容体

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651
Q

dual innervation

A

二重支配

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652
Q

antagonistic innervation

A

拮抗性(きっこうせい)支配

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653
Q

dialator pupillae muscle

A

瞳孔散大筋

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654
Q

adrenal medulla

A

副腎括約筋

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655
Q

sustained nerve innervation

A

持続性神経支配

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656
Q

hypothalamus

A

視床下部

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657
Q

limbic system

A

大脳辺縁系

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658
Q

viscero-visceral relfex

A

内臓ー内臓反射

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659
Q

somato-visceral relfex

A

体性ー内臓反射

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660
Q

viscero-somatic reflex

A

内臓ー体性反射

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661
Q

cooperate

A

協関

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662
Q

spontaneous activity

A

自発活動

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663
Q

adrenal medulla

A

副腎髄質

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664
Q

muscular defense/guarding

A

筋性防御

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665
Q

respiratory reflex (Hering-Breuer reflex)

A

呼吸反射(へーリングーブロイエル反射)

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666
Q

motor function

A

運動機能

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667
Q

basal ganglia

A

基底核

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668
Q

innervation ratio

A

神経支配比

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669
Q

proximal muscle

A

近位筋

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670
Q

hoffmann reflex

A

H反射

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671
Q

posture

A

構え

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672
Q

physique

A

体位

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673
Q

decubitus… lying down

A

臥位(がい)

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674
Q

dorsal position

A

背位

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675
Q

anti-gravity muscle

A

抗重力筋

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676
Q

erect position

A

直立姿勢

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677
Q

disturbance

A

外乱

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678
Q

spinal reflex

A

脊髄反射

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679
Q

stretch reflex

A

伸張反射

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680
Q

monosynaptic reflex

A

単シナプス反射

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681
Q

extensor muscle

A

伸筋

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682
Q

quadriceps femoris muscle

A

大腿四頭筋

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683
Q

asynchronous

A

非同期性

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684
Q

posture maintenance

A

姿勢保持

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685
Q

lower limb muscle

A

下肢筋

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686
Q

flexor muscle

A

屈筋

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687
Q

defence reflex (withdrawal reflex)

A

防御反射(逃避反射)

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688
Q

systematic

A

系統的

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689
Q

flexion reflex afferent fiber

A

屈曲反射求心線維

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690
Q

polysynaptic reflex

A

多シナプス反射

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691
Q

decerebration…is the elimination of cerebral brain function in an animal by removing the cerebrum, cutting across the brain stem, or severing certain arteries in the brain stem. As a result, the animal loses certain reflexes that are integrated in different parts of the brain. Furthermore, the reflexes which are functional will be hyperreactive (and therefore very accentuated) due to the removal of inhibiting higher- brain centers

A

徐脳

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692
Q

inhibitory interneuron

A

抑制性介在ニューロン

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693
Q

self-repression

A

自己抑制

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694
Q

inverse myotatic reflexq

A

逆伸張反射

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695
Q

antagonistic muscle

A

拮抗筋(きっこうきん)

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696
Q

reciprocal innervation

A

相反神経支配

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697
Q

crossed extension reflex

A

交叉伸展反射

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698
Q

opposite action/reciprocal action

A

相反作用

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699
Q

tendon reflex

A

腱反射

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700
Q

un/crossed

A

非・交叉性

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701
Q

gaze

A

注視

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702
Q

dexerebrate rigidity

A

徐脳固縮

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703
Q

vestibular labyrinth reflex

A

前庭迷路反射

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704
Q

vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

前庭ー眼反射

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705
Q

extraocular muscle

A

外眼筋

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706
Q

extraocular muscle motor neuron

A

外眼筋運動ニューロン

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707
Q

righting reflex

A

立ち直り反射

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708
Q

neck

A

頸部

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709
Q

opisthotonus… a condition in which a person holds their body in an abnormal position. The person is usually rigid and arches their back, with their head thrown backward.

A

オピストトーヌス(反弓緊張)

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710
Q

cerebellar cortex

A

小脳皮質

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711
Q

cerebellar nuclei

A

小脳皮質

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712
Q

molecular layer

A

分子層

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713
Q

purkinje cell layer

A

プルキンエ細胞層

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714
Q

granular layer

A

顆粒細胞層

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715
Q

granule cells

A

顆粒細胞

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716
Q

golgi cells

A

ゴルジ細胞

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717
Q

myoepithelial cells/basket cells

A

籠細胞(かご)

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718
Q

astrocyte

A

星状細胞

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719
Q

mossy fiber

A

苔状線維

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720
Q

climbing fiber

A

登上線維

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721
Q

motor learning function

A

運動学習機能

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722
Q

kinetic model

A

運動モデル

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723
Q

long-term depression

A

長期抑制

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724
Q

stretch reflex

A

伸展反射

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725
Q

decomposition of movement

A

運動分解

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726
Q

dysmetria

A

推尺異常

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727
Q

intention tremor

A

意図振戦

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728
Q

cerebellar ataxia

A

小脳性運動失調症

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729
Q

basal ganglia

A

大脳基底核

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730
Q

cerebral hemisphere

A

大脳半球

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731
Q

caudate nucleus

A

尾状核

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732
Q

putamen

A

被殻(ひかく)

733
Q

globus pallidus

A

淡蒼球

734
Q

subthalmic nucleus

A

視床下核

735
Q

substantia nigra

A

線条体

736
Q

lentiform nucleus

A

レンズ核

737
Q

nucleus basalis of mynert

A

マイネルト基底核

738
Q

glutamatergic neuron

A

グルタミン酸作動性神経

739
Q

hyperdirect pathway

A

ハイパー直接路

740
Q

direct pathway

A

直接路

741
Q

indirect pathway

A

間接路

742
Q

muscle tonus, myotonia

A

筋緊張

743
Q

akinesia

A

無動症

744
Q

precentral gyrus

A

中心傍小葉

745
Q

median fissure

A

正中裂

746
Q

supplementary motor area

A

捕捉運動野

747
Q

association fiber

A

連合線維

748
Q

corpus callosum fiber

A

脳梁線維(のうりょう)

749
Q

corticospinal tract

A

皮質脊髄路

750
Q

corticobulbar pathway

A

皮質延髄路

751
Q

pyramidal tract

A

錐体路

752
Q

ventral corticospinal tract

A

前皮質脊髄路

753
Q

extrapyramidal system

A

錐体外路系

754
Q

motor readiness potential

A

運動準備電位

755
Q

procedural memory

A

手続き記憶

756
Q

flaccid paralysis

A

弛緩性麻痺

757
Q

hypotonia

A

筋緊張の低下

758
Q

spasticity

A

痙縮(けいしゅく)

759
Q

higher order functions

A

高次機能

760
Q

primary brain vesicles

A

一次脳胞

761
Q

forebrain vesicles

A

前脳胞

762
Q

midbrain vesicle

A

中脳胞

763
Q

hindbrain vesicle

A

菱脳胞(りょうのう)

764
Q

secondary brain vesicle

A

二次脳胞

765
Q

telencephalic vesicle

A

終脳胞

766
Q

diencephalic vesicle

A

間脳胞

767
Q

hindbrain vesicle

A

後脳胞

768
Q

myelencephalon vesicle

A

髄脳胞

769
Q

telencephalon

A

終脳

770
Q

diencephalon

A

間脳

771
Q

emotion

A

情動

772
Q

cognition

A

認知

773
Q

thinking/thought

A

思考

774
Q

isocortex

A

同型皮質・等皮質

775
Q

paleocortex

A

古皮質

776
Q

archicortex

A

原皮質

777
Q

allocortex

A

異型皮質/不等皮質

778
Q

mesocortex

A

中間皮質

779
Q

paleoencephalon (rhiencephalon)

A

古脳(嗅脳)

780
Q

neoencephalon

A

新脳

781
Q

olfactory lobe (olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, olfactory triangle)

A

嗅葉(嗅球、嗅索、嗅三角)

782
Q

hippocampus

A

海馬

783
Q

multiform layer

A

多形細胞層

784
Q

amygdala

A

扁桃体(原線条体)

785
Q

neostriatum

A

新線条体

786
Q

globus pallidus

A

淡蒼球

787
Q

epithalamus

A

視床上部

788
Q

dorsal thalamus

A

背側視床(はいそく)

789
Q

ventral thalamus

A

腹側視床

790
Q

brainstem reticular formation

A

脳幹網様体

791
Q

ascending reticular activating system

A

上行性脳幹網様体賦活系(ふかつけい)

792
Q

rostral… situated or occurring near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth or (in an embryo) near the hypophyseal region.

A

吻側(ふんそく)

793
Q

caudal mesencephalon

A

中脳尾側

794
Q

locus coeruleus

A

青斑核

795
Q

dorsal raphe nucleus

A

背側縫線核(ほうせんかく)

796
Q

lateroposterior tegmental nucleus

A

脚橋被蓋核

797
Q

diffuse projection system

A

汎性投射系(はんせい)

798
Q

nuclei of origin

A

起始核

799
Q

consciousness

A

意識レベル

800
Q

arousal/awakenssleep

A

覚醒

801
Q

sleep

A

睡眠

802
Q

brainwave

A

脳波

803
Q

rest

A

安静

804
Q

pineal gland…a small, pea-shaped gland in the brain. Its function isn’t fully understood. Researchers do know that it produces and regulates some hormones, including melatonin.

A

松果体(しょうかたい)

805
Q

brodmann map

A

ブロードマンの地図

806
Q

ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)

A

後外側腹側核

807
Q

ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)

A

後内側腹側核

808
Q

commissural fibers

A

交連線維

809
Q

corpus callosum

A

脳梁

810
Q

posterior association area

A

後連合野

811
Q

parietal association area

A

頭頂連合野

812
Q

occipital association area

A

後頭連合野

813
Q

temporal association area

A

側頭連合野

814
Q

frontal association area

A

前頭連合野

815
Q

perception

A

知覚

816
Q

discrimination learning

A

弁別学習

817
Q

memorization

A

記銘(きめい)

818
Q

retention

A

保持

819
Q

recollection

A

想起

820
Q

engram… a memory trace

A

記憶痕跡(エングラム)

821
Q

sensory memory

A

感覚記憶

822
Q

short term/long term memory

A

短期・長期記憶

823
Q

immediate memory

A

即時記憶

824
Q

working memory

A

作業記憶(ワーキングメモリー)

825
Q

remote memory

A

遠隔記憶

826
Q

episodic memory

A

エピソード記憶

827
Q

semantic memory

A

意味記憶

828
Q

declarative memory

A

陳述記憶(ちんじゅつ)

829
Q

non-declarative memory

A

非陳述記憶

830
Q

procedural memory

A

手続き記憶

831
Q

priming

A

プライミング

832
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

逆向性健忘

833
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

前向性健忘

834
Q

electrocencephalogram (EEG)

A

脳電図

835
Q

basic rhythm

A

基礎律動

836
Q

alpha-blocking

A

α波阻止

837
Q

normal brain wave

A

正常脳波

838
Q

abnormal brain wave

A

異常脳波

839
Q

spike

A

棘波(きょくは)

840
Q

sharp wave

A

鋭波

841
Q

slow wave

A

徐波

842
Q

spike and wave complex

A

棘徐波結合

843
Q

non-REM sleep

A

ノンレム睡眠

844
Q

REM-sleep

A

レム睡眠

845
Q

rapid eye movement

A

急速な眼球運動

846
Q

slow wave sleep

A

徐波睡眠

847
Q

paradoxical sleep

A

逆説睡眠

848
Q

circadian rhythm

A

サーカディアンリズム・概日リズム(がいじつ)

849
Q

ultradian rhytm

A

ウルトラジアンリズム

850
Q

preoptic area

A

視索前野(POA)

851
Q

ventrolateral preoptic area

A

視索前野腹外側部(VLPO)

852
Q

prostaglandin

A

プロスタグランジン

853
Q

arachnoid

A

くも膜

854
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

脳脊髄液

855
Q

choroid plexus

A

脈絡叢(みゃくらくそう)

856
Q

oligodendroglia

A

おリゴデンドログリア

857
Q

sleep substance

A

睡眠物質

858
Q

posterior/anterior hypothalamus

A

視床下部後部・前部

859
Q

pineal hormone

A

松果体ホルモン(しょうかたい)

860
Q

melatonin

A

メラトニン

861
Q

perforating branch

A

穿通枝(せんつうし)

862
Q

dentate gyrus

A

歯状回

863
Q

ammon’s cortex

A

アンモン角

864
Q

entorhinal cortex

A

嗅内野皮質

865
Q

alzheimer’s disease

A

アルツハイマー型認知症

866
Q

senile plaques

A

老人斑

867
Q

neurofibrillary tangles

A

神経原線維変化

868
Q

amyloid beta

A

アミロイドβ

869
Q

amyloid-beta hypothesis

A

アミロイドβ仮説

870
Q

acetylcholine hypothesis

A

アセチルコリン仮説

871
Q

broca’s area

A

ブローカ領野

872
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

ウぇルにっけ領野

873
Q

language/dominant hemisphere

A

言語・優位半球

874
Q

hypothalamic hormone secreting cells

A

視床下部ホルモン分泌細胞

875
Q

dopamine neuronal cells

A

ドーパミン神経細胞

876
Q

gonadal steroid hormone

A

性腺ステロイドホルモン

877
Q

warm/cold sensitive neuron

A

温・冷感受性ニューロン

878
Q

glucose responsive neuron

A

グルコース反応ニューロン

879
Q

anterior piruitary hormome

A

下垂体前葉ホルモン

880
Q

posterior pituitary hormone

A

下垂体後葉ホルモン

881
Q

anterior pituitary hormone releasing/inhibitory hormone

A

下垂体前葉ホルモン放出/抑制ホルモン

882
Q

biological clock function

A

生物時計機能

883
Q

Zeitgeber: a rhythmically occurring natural phenomenon which acts as a cue in the regulation of the body’s circadian rhythms.

A

同調因子

884
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

視交叉上核

885
Q

endogenous/exogenous rhythm

A

内因性・外因性リズム

886
Q

free run

A

フリーラン周期

887
Q

eating/feeding behavior

A

摂食行動

888
Q

hunger/fullness

A

空・満腹感

889
Q

satiety center

A

満腹中枢

890
Q

hunger center

A

空腹中枢

891
Q

hypothalamic arcuate nucleus

A

視床下部弓状体

892
Q

lateral hypothalamic area

A

視床下部外側野

893
Q

hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei

A

視床下部室傍核

894
Q

dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

A

視床下部背内側核

895
Q

leptin

A

レプチン

896
Q

adipocytokine

A

アディポサイトカイン

897
Q

ghrelin

A

グレリン

898
Q

sexual behavior

A

性行動

899
Q

erection reflex

A

勃起反射

900
Q

ejaculation reflex

A

射精反射

901
Q

sacral region of the spine

A

仙髄

902
Q

libido

A

性欲

903
Q

estrogen

A

エストロジェン

904
Q

emotional reaction

A

情動反応

905
Q

amygdala

A

扁桃体

906
Q

endocrine

A

内分泌

907
Q

endocrine gland

A

内分泌線

908
Q

interstitial fluid

A

組織間液

909
Q

autocrine

A

自己分泌

910
Q

paracrine

A

傍分泌

911
Q

neurosecretory

A

神経分泌

912
Q

parathyroid gland

A

上皮小体(副甲状腺)

913
Q

sinusoidal capillary

A

洞様血管網

914
Q

follicle

A

ろ胞

915
Q

posterior pituitary hormone

A

下垂体後葉ホルモン

916
Q

melatonin

A

メラトニン

917
Q

growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

成長ホルモン放出ホルモン

918
Q

prolactin releasing factor (PRF)

A

プロラクチン放出因子

919
Q

TSH releasing hormone (TRH)

A

甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン

920
Q

corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)

A

副腎皮質刺激ホルモン

921
Q

gonadotropin-releasing homone

A

ゴナドトロピン放出ホルモン

922
Q

leuteinizing hormone releasing hormone

A

黄体形成ホルモン放出ホルモン

923
Q

somatostatin

A

成長ホルモン抑制ホルモン(ソマトスタチン)

924
Q

prolacting inhibiting factor (dopamine)

A

プロラクチン抑制因子(ドーパミン)

925
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

卵胞刺激ホルモン

926
Q

interstitial cell stimulating hormone

A

間質細胞刺激ホルモン

927
Q

vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone

A

バソプレッシン・抗利尿ホルモン

928
Q

oxytocin

A

オキシトシン

929
Q

thyroxine, tetraiodothyronine (T4)

A

サイロキシン

930
Q

triiodothyronine (T3)

A

トリヨードサイロニン

931
Q

calcitonin

A

カルシトニン

932
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

上皮小体ホルモン

933
Q

thymosin

A

サイモシン

934
Q

atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP)

A

心房性Nα利尿ペプチド

935
Q

brain natriuretic polypeptide (BNP)

A

脳性Nα利尿ペプチド

936
Q

endothellin

A

エンドセリン

937
Q

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

A

腫瘍壊死因子

938
Q

renin

A

レニン

939
Q

definition

A

定義

940
Q

amino acid derivative hormone

A

アミノ酸誘導体ホルモン

941
Q

catecholamine

A

カテコールアミン

942
Q

intermediate pituitary

A

下垂体中葉

943
Q

pancreatic islets of langerhans

A

膵ランゲルハンス島(膵島)

944
Q

pregnendone

A

プレグネノロン

945
Q

corticoid

A

コルチコイド

946
Q

progesterone

A

プロジェストロン

947
Q

biosynthetic pathway

A

生合成経路

948
Q

dissection, disconnection

A

離断

949
Q

regulation

A

規定

950
Q

preprohormone

A

プレプロホルモン

951
Q

secretory granules

A

分泌顆粒

952
Q

proinsulin

A

プロインスリン

953
Q

connecting peptide

A

結合ペプチド(Cペプチド)

954
Q

DOPA

A

ドーパ

955
Q

DOPA decarboxylase

A

DOPA脱炭酸酵素

956
Q

dopamine-beta-hydroxylase

A

ドーパミンーβー水酸化酵素

957
Q

thyroid gland follicular antrum

A

甲状腺ろ胞腔

958
Q

thyroglobulin

A

サイログロブリン

959
Q

follicular cells

A

ろ胞細胞

960
Q

stress response

A

ストレス反応

961
Q

sleep dependent

A

睡眠依存性

962
Q

high molecular weight water-soluble hormones

A

高分子水溶性ホルモン

963
Q

low molecular weight lipid-soluble hormones

A

低分子脂溶性ホルモン

964
Q

nuclear receptor superfamily

A

核内受容体スーパーファミリー

965
Q

gene action

A

遺伝子作用

966
Q

oxytocin

A

オキシトシン

967
Q

paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

A

室傍核

968
Q

supraoptic nucleus

A

視索上核

969
Q

median eminence of hypothalamus

A

正中隆起部

970
Q

hypophyseal portal system

A

下垂体門脈

971
Q

neurosecretory cells

A

神経分泌細胞

972
Q

adenohypophyseal/neurohypophyseal hormone

A

前・後葉ホルモン

973
Q

pouch of Rathke

A

ラトケ嚢(のう

974
Q

oral fossa

A

口窩(こうか)

975
Q

sac shaped

A

嚢状

976
Q

infundibular process

A

漏斗突起(ろうととっき)

977
Q

adenohypophysis

A

腺性下垂体

978
Q

neurohypophysis

A

神経性下垂体

979
Q

turkish saddle

A

トルコ鞍(あん)

980
Q

hypophyseal stalk

A

下垂体茎

981
Q

superior/inferior hypophyseal artery

A

上・下下垂体動脈

982
Q

beta-lipotropin

A

βリポトロピン(βーLPH)

983
Q

epiphyseal line

A

骨端線

984
Q

chondrocyte

A

軟骨細胞

985
Q

somatomedins

A

ソマトメジン類

986
Q

insulin-like growth factor

A

インスリン様成長因子

987
Q

anti-insulin action

A

抗インスリン作用

988
Q

portal vein

A

門脈

989
Q

mammary gland

A

乳腺

990
Q

lactation

A

乳汁分泌

991
Q

human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS)

A

ヒト絨毛性ソマトマンモトロピン

992
Q

pulse secretion

A

パルス状分泌

993
Q

prl releasing factor (PRF)

A

PRL放出因子

994
Q

antidiuretic effect

A

抗利尿作用

995
Q

collecting tubule cell

A

集合管細胞

996
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

尿崩症

997
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

収縮期血圧

998
Q

plasma osmolality

A

血漿浸透圧

999
Q

third ventricle

A

第三脳室

1000
Q

end plate

A

終板

1001
Q

osmoreceptor

A

浸透圧受容器

1002
Q

paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

A

室傍核

1003
Q

supraoptic nucleus

A

視索上核

1004
Q

volume receptor

A

容量受容器

1005
Q

carotid sinus

A

頸動脈洞

1006
Q

aortic arch

A

大動脈弓

1007
Q

baroreceptors

A

圧受容器

1008
Q

time of delivery

A

分娩期

1009
Q

milk ejection reflex

A

乳汁射出反射

1010
Q

iodine

A

ヨード、ヨウ素

1011
Q

anterior cervical region

A

前頸部

1012
Q

thyroglobulin

A

サイログロブリン

1013
Q

colloid

A

コロイド

1014
Q

thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA)

A

サイロキシン結合プレアルブミン

1015
Q

thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)

A

サイロキシン結合グロブリン

1016
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

基礎代謝

1017
Q

tachycardia

A

頻脈

1018
Q

bony tissue

A

骨質

1019
Q

articular faucet/surface

A

関節面

1020
Q

chondrion/cartilage

A

軟骨質

1021
Q

bone marrow

A

骨髄

1022
Q

periosteum

A

骨膜

1023
Q

cortical bone

A

皮質骨(緻密質(ちみつ))

1024
Q

cancellous bone/spongy bone

A

海綿骨

1025
Q

haversian canal

A

ハバース管

1026
Q

volkmann’s canal

A

フォルクマン管

1027
Q

trabecula

A

骨梁

1028
Q

articular cartilage

A

関節軟骨

1029
Q

epiphyseal cartilage

A

骨端軟骨

1030
Q

epiphyseal line

A

骨端線

1031
Q

red bone marrow

A

赤色骨髄(赤色髄

1032
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

黄色骨髄(黄色髄〕

1033
Q

bone building ability

A

造骨能

1034
Q

osteoblast

A

骨芽細胞

1035
Q

osteoclast

A

破骨細胞

1036
Q

osteocyte

A

骨細胞

1037
Q

calcification

A

石灰化

1038
Q

bone matrix

A

骨基質

1039
Q

osteoid

A

類骨

1040
Q

bone lamella

A

層板骨

1041
Q

mesenchymal

A

間葉系(中胚葉系)

1042
Q

membranous ossification

A

膜性骨化

1043
Q

cartilagenous ossification

A

軟骨性骨化

1044
Q

bone morphogenic protein (BMP)

A

骨形成因子

1045
Q

fluorine

A

フッ素

1046
Q

vertebrae

A

椎骨(ついこつ)

1047
Q

bone resorption

A

骨吸収

1048
Q

bone remodeling

A

骨改造(リモデリング)

1049
Q

parathormone (PTH)

A

上皮小体ホルモン・副甲状腺・パラソルモン

1050
Q

calcium regulating hormone

A

カルシウム調節ホルモン

1051
Q

jejunum

A

空腸

1052
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

糸球体ろ液

1053
Q

proximal convoluted tubule

A

近位尿細管

1054
Q

parafollicular cells (C cells)

A

傍ろ胞細胞(C細胞)

1055
Q

vitamin D3, cholecalciferol

A

ビタミンd3、コレカルシフェロール

1056
Q

provitamin D3

A

プロビタミンd3

1057
Q

osteoperosis

A

骨粗鬆症(オステオポローシス)

1058
Q

bone absorptive cytokines

A

骨吸収サイトカイン

1059
Q

rickets

A

くる病

1060
Q

osteomalacia

A

骨軟化症

1061
Q

mesodermal

A

中胚葉性

1062
Q

extodermal

A

外胚葉性

1063
Q

zona glomerolosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

A

球状層、束状層、網状層

1064
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

電解質コルチコイド(ミネラロコルチコイド)

1065
Q

glucocorticoid

A

糖質コルチコイド(グルココルチコイド)

1066
Q

sex steroid

A

性ステロイド

1067
Q

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

A

デヒドロエピアンドロステロン

1068
Q

corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG)

A

コルチコステロイド結合グロブリン

1069
Q

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAA system)

A

レニンーアンジオテンシンーアルドステロン系

1070
Q

pregnenolone

A

プレグネノロン

1071
Q

corticosterone

A

コルチコステロん

1072
Q

aldosterone

A

アルドステロン

1073
Q

afferent arterioles

A

輸入細動脈

1074
Q

juxtaglomerular cells

A

傍糸球体細胞(糸球体近接細胞)

1075
Q

angiotensinogen

A

アンジオテンシノジェン

1076
Q

angiotensin I/II

A

アンジオテンシンI・II

1077
Q

permissive action

A

許容作用

1078
Q

lymphocytes

A

リンパ球

1079
Q

eosinophil

A

好酸球

1080
Q

storage

A

貯留

1081
Q

distal convoluted tubule

A

遠位尿細管

1082
Q

cushing’s syndrome

A

クッシング症候群

1083
Q

adrenogenital syndrome

A

副腎性器症候群

1084
Q

atrophy

A

萎縮

1085
Q

alkalosis

A

アルカローシス

1086
Q

primary aldosteronism

A

原発性アルドステロン症

1087
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

先天性副腎皮質過形成症

1088
Q

female pseudohermaphroditism

A

女性仮性半陰陽

1089
Q

hirsutism

A

多毛症

1090
Q

addison’s disease

A

アジソン病

1091
Q

cord like structure

A

索状構造

1092
Q

chromaffin structure

A

クロム親和性組織

1093
Q

adrenergic fiber

A

アドレナリン作動性線維

1094
Q

incretin…Incretins are a group of metabolic hormones that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels. Incretins are released after eating and augment the secretion of insulin released from pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans by a blood glucose-dependent mechanism.

A

インクレチン(GIP および GLP-1)

1095
Q

medullary cell

A

髄質細胞

1096
Q

emergency reaction

A

緊急反応

1097
Q

pancreatic polypeptide

A

膵ポリペプチド

1098
Q

disulfide bond

A

二硫化結合(ジスルフィド結合)

1099
Q

inwardly recitifying K+ channel

A

内向き整流性K+チャネル

1100
Q

insulin receptor substrate

A

IRS(インスリン受容体基質)

1101
Q

translocation

A

トランスロケーション

1102
Q

glycogenolysis

A

グリコーゲン合成

1103
Q

humoral regulation

A

体液性調節

1104
Q

type I, type II diabetes mellitus

A

一型・2型糖尿病

1105
Q

diabetic neuropathy

A

糖尿病性神経障害

1106
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

糖尿病性網膜症

1107
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A

糖尿病性腎症

1108
Q

HbA1c

A

ヘモグロビンエーワンシー

1109
Q

white/brown adopocytes

A

白色・褐色(かっしょく)脂肪細胞

1110
Q

subcutaneous fat

A

皮下脂肪

1111
Q

visceral fat

A

内臓細胞

1112
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

メタボリックシンドローム

1113
Q

triglyceride

A

トリグリセリド

1114
Q

insulin resistance

A

インスリン抵抗性

1115
Q

adipocytokine

A

アディポサイトカイン

1116
Q

resistin

A

レジスチん

1117
Q

leptin (facilitates thrombus formation)

A

レプチン(血栓形成促進)

1118
Q

adoponectin

A

アディポネクチン

1119
Q

sex determining region on the Y chromosome

A

SRY・精巣決定遺伝子

1120
Q

gamete

A

配偶子

1121
Q

primordial germ cells

A

原始生殖細胞

1122
Q

gestation

A

胎生

1123
Q

egg sac

A

卵嚢(らんのう)

1124
Q

ameboid movement

A

アメーバ運動

1125
Q

genital primordium

A

生殖原基

1126
Q

genital ridge

A

生殖隆起

1127
Q

inner cell mass

A

内部細胞塊

1128
Q

oogonium

A

卵原細胞

1129
Q

oocyte

A

卵母細胞

1130
Q

spermatogonium

A

精原細胞

1131
Q

spermatocytes

A

精母細胞

1132
Q

sexual differentiation

A

性分化

1133
Q

genitals (gonad)

A

生殖器(性腺)

1134
Q

accessory sex organs

A

副生殖器

1135
Q

internal/external genitalia

A

内・外生殖器

1136
Q

primary/secondary sexual characteristics

A

一次・二次性徴

1137
Q

wolffian duct

A

ウォルフ管

1138
Q

mullerian duct

A

ミュラー管

1139
Q

leydig cells

A

ライジッヒ細胞

1140
Q

epididymis

A

精巣上体

1141
Q

vas deferens

A

精管・輸精管

1142
Q

sertoli cells

A

セルトリ細胞(支持細胞)

1143
Q

anti-mullerian hormone

A

抗ミュラー管ホルモン

1144
Q

fallopian tube

A

卵管

1145
Q

genital tubercle

A

生殖結節

1146
Q

urethral fold

A

尿道ひだ

1147
Q

scrotum

A

陰嚢

1148
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

尿道海綿

1149
Q

clitoris

A

陰核

1150
Q

labia majora

A

大陰唇

1151
Q

labia minora

A

小陰唇

1152
Q

labioscrotal folds/swelling

A

陰唇陰嚢隆起(いんしん)

1153
Q

puberty

A

思春期

1154
Q

permanent effect

A

恒久的効果

1155
Q

gonadal steroid hormone receptor

A

性腺ステロイドホルモン受容体

1156
Q

basal secretion (pulse secretion)

A

基礎分泌(パルス状分泌)

1157
Q

ovulatory secretion (surge secretion)

A

排卵性分泌(サージ状分泌)

1158
Q

follicular phase

A

卵胞期

1159
Q

luteal phase

A

黄体期

1160
Q

ovulation

A

排卵

1161
Q

gnrh pulse/surge generator

A

Gnrhパルス・サージ発生器

1162
Q

kisspeptin

A

キスペプチン

1163
Q

seminiferous tubule

A

精細管

1164
Q

ovarian steroid hormone

A

卵巣ステロイドホルモン

1165
Q

inhibin

A

インヒビン

1166
Q

activin

A

アクチビン

1167
Q

granulosa cells

A

顆粒膜細胞

1168
Q

theca cells

A

莢膜細胞(きょうまく)

1169
Q

ovulatory phase

A

排卵期

1170
Q

mature follicle (graafian follicle)

A

成熟卵胞(グラーフ卵胞)

1171
Q

aromatase

A

アロマターゼ

1172
Q

aromatization

A

芳香化

1173
Q

progestin

A

プロジェスチン

1174
Q

cumulus oophorus… an appearance in the ovary in which multiple granulosa cells enlarge around a developing oocyte. These support cells (“cumulus cells”) serve multiple functions in the maturation of the oocyte.

A

卵丘

1175
Q

estradiol

A

エストラジオール

1176
Q

estrone

A

エストろん

1177
Q

progesterone

A

プロジェステロン

1178
Q

keratinization

A

角化

1179
Q

spermatogenesis

A

精子形成

1180
Q

prostate

A

前立腺

1181
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

射精管

1182
Q

bulborethral gland

A

尿道球腺

1183
Q

seminal vesicle

A

精嚢

1184
Q

spermatid

A

精細胞・精子細胞

1185
Q

blood-testis barrier

A

血液ー精巣関門

1186
Q

primary/secondary spermatocyte

A

第一次・二次精母細胞

1187
Q

seminiferous tubule fluid

A

精巣網液・精細管内液

1188
Q

androgen binding protein (ABP)

A

アンドロジェン結合タンパク

1189
Q

semen

A

精液

1190
Q

capacitation

A

受性能獲得

1191
Q

endometrium

A

子宮内膜

1192
Q

functional layer, superficial layer

A

機能層

1193
Q

basal layer

A

基底層

1194
Q

mensturation

A

月経

1195
Q

uterus

A

子宮

1196
Q

vagina

A

1197
Q

mons pubis

A

恥丘(ちきゅう)

1198
Q

vaginal vestibule

A

膣前庭

1199
Q

oocyte

A

卵母細胞

1200
Q

follicular epithelial cells

A

卵胞上皮細胞

1201
Q

primordial follicle

A

原始卵胞

1202
Q

primary/secondary follicle

A

一次・二次卵胞

1203
Q

vesicular follicle

A

胞状卵胞

1204
Q

antrum of ovarian follicle

A

卵胞腔

1205
Q

antral fluid

A

卵胞液

1206
Q

heca

A

莢膜(卵胞膜)

1207
Q

granulosa cells

A

顆粒膜細胞

1208
Q

fimbrae of the fallopian tube

A

卵管菜

1209
Q

corpus luteum

A

黄体

1210
Q

corpus albicans

A

白体

1211
Q

spiral artery

A

らせん動脈

1212
Q

angiogenesis

A

血管新生

1213
Q

intraperitoneally

A

腹腔内

1214
Q

ampulla of the uterine tube

A

卵管膨大部

1215
Q

primary/secondary polar body

A

第一次・二次極体

1216
Q

implantation

A

着床

1217
Q

deducia

A

脱落膜

1218
Q

chorion frondosum

A

絨毛膜有子部

1219
Q

basal deducia

A

基底膜脱落まく

1220
Q

placental space

A

胎盤腔

1221
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

ヒト絨毛生性腺刺激ホルモン

1222
Q

pregnancy test

A

妊娠反応

1223
Q

human chorionic somatomammotropin hCG

A

ヒト絨毛生乳腺刺激ホルモン

1224
Q

placental unit

A

胎盤単位

1225
Q

labor pain

A

陣痛

1226
Q

giving birth

A

娩出

1227
Q

cervix

A

子宮頸

1228
Q

breast duct

A

乳管

1229
Q

lobule

A

腺小葉

1230
Q

suckling stimulation

A

吸飲刺激

1231
Q

post reproductive period

A

後生殖器

1232
Q

menopause

A

閉経・更年期

1233
Q

hot flash

A

ほってり・ホットフラッシュ

1234
Q

high energy phosphate compound

A

高エネルギーリン酸化合物

1235
Q

intermediate metabolism

A

中間代謝

1236
Q

heat

A

熱量

1237
Q

physiological energy need

A

生理的エネルギー必要量

1238
Q

basal metabolism standard

A

基礎代謝基準値

1239
Q

estimated energy requirement

A

推定エネルギー必要量

1240
Q

energy yielding nutrient

A

エネルギー産生栄養

1241
Q

three major nutrients

A

三大栄養

1242
Q

essential amino acid

A

不可欠アミノ酸

1243
Q

animal (primary)/plant (secondary) protein

A

動物性(第1級)・植物性(2級)タンパク質

1244
Q

Atwater system, used in the food industry to determine the total calorific value of food by employing the 4-9-4 method (carbs, lipid, protein).

A

アトウォーター係数

1245
Q

trace elements

A

微量元素

1246
Q

rhodopsin

A

視紅

1247
Q

night blindness

A

夜盲症

1248
Q

beri beri

A

脚気(かっけ)

1249
Q

edema

A

浮腫

1250
Q

scurvy

A

壊血病

1251
Q

digestive/post-digestive period

A

消化・後消化期

1252
Q

absorption/fasting period

A

吸収期・空腹期

1253
Q

nitrogenous compounds

A

窒素化合物

1254
Q

intestinal mucosal cells

A

腸管壁粘膜細胞

1255
Q

thoracid duct

A

胸管

1256
Q

ketone body

A

ケトン体

1257
Q

ketoacidosis

A

ケトアシドーシス

1258
Q

metabolic rate

A

代謝量(代謝率)

1259
Q

specific dynamic action

A

特異動的作用

1260
Q

diet induced thermogenesis

A

食事誘発生産熱反応

1261
Q

relative metabolic rate

A

エネルギー代謝率(RMR)

1262
Q

reduced coenzyme

A

還元型補酵素

1263
Q

agitation, stir

A

撹拌(かくはん)

1264
Q

oral cavity

A

口腔

1265
Q

cecum

A

盲腸

1266
Q

appendix

A

虫垂

1267
Q

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon

A

上行、横行、下行、S状結腸

1268
Q

rectum

A

直腸

1269
Q

mucosa

A

粘膜

1270
Q

muscularis externa

A

筋層

1271
Q

serosa

A

外層(漿膜)

1272
Q

lamina propria

A

粘膜固有そう(上皮下結合組織)

1273
Q

muscularis mucosa

A

粘膜筋板

1274
Q

submucosa

A

粘膜下層(粘膜下組織)

1275
Q

anus

A

肛門

1276
Q

squamous epithelium

A

扁平上皮

1277
Q

columnar epithelium

A

円柱上皮

1278
Q

villi

A

絨毛

1279
Q

brush border

A

刷子縁

1280
Q

intestinal gland (intestinal crypt, liberkaehn gland)

A

腸腺(陰窩、リーベルキューン腺)

1281
Q

circular musculature

A

輪走筋

1282
Q

longitudinal musculature

A

縦走筋

1283
Q

internal oblique muscle

A

内斜筋(ないしゃきん)

1284
Q

sphincter muscle

A

括約筋

1285
Q

striated muscle

A

横紋筋

1286
Q

external sphincer of the anus

A

外肛門括約筋

1287
Q

colon haustra

A

結腸膨起

1288
Q

intrinsic

A

内在性

1289
Q

extrinsic autonomic nerve

A

外来性自律神経

1290
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

アウエルバッハ神経叢

1291
Q

Meissner’s plexus

A

マイスネル神経叢

1292
Q

referred pain

A

関連つう

1293
Q

cardiac artery

A

腹腔動脈

1294
Q

superior/inferior mesenteric artery

A

上・下腸間膜動脈

1295
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

肝門脈

1296
Q

feeding vessel

A

栄養血管

1297
Q

sinusoid

A

類洞

1298
Q

inferior vena cava

A

下大静脈

1298
Q

abdominal visceral circulation

A

腹部内臓循環

1299
Q

submucosal artery

A

粘膜下動脈

1300
Q

nexus

A

ネクサス

1301
Q

functional syncytium

A

機能的合胞体

1302
Q

tonic contraction

A

緊張性収縮

1303
Q

rhythmic contraction

A

律動性収縮

1304
Q

pylorus

A

幽門

1305
Q

ileocecum

A

回盲部

1306
Q

common bile duct

A

総胆管

1307
Q

pancreatic duct

A

膵管

1308
Q

segmentation

A

分節運動

1309
Q

peristaltic movement

A

蠕動運動

1310
Q

taenia coli

A

結腸ひも

1311
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

噴門部括約筋

1312
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

噴門部括約筋

1313
Q

intramural nervous system

A

壁内神経系

1314
Q

intestinal reflex

A

腸内反射

1315
Q

swallowing

A

嚥下(えんげ)

1316
Q

nasopharynx

A

鼻咽頭

1317
Q

hard/soft palate

A

硬・軟口蓋

1318
Q

epipharynx

A

上咽頭

1319
Q

oropharynx

A

口腔咽頭

1320
Q

palate

A

口蓋

1321
Q

hypopharynx

A

下咽頭

1322
Q

cricopharyngeal muscle

A

輪状咽頭筋

1323
Q

bolus

A

食塊

1324
Q

intrinsic muscle of the tongue

A

内舌筋

1325
Q

larynx

A

喉頭

1326
Q

glottis

A

声門

1327
Q

gastric cardia

A

胃噴門

1328
Q

hypogastric nerve

A

下腹神経

1329
Q

pelvic nerve

A

骨盤神経

1330
Q

pudendal nerve

A

陰部神経

1331
Q

defecation center

A

排便中枢

1332
Q

neuromechanism

A

神経性機序

1333
Q

humoral mechanism

A

体液性きじょ

1334
Q

conditioned/unconditioned reflex

A

条件・無条件反射

1335
Q

local reflex

A

局所反射

1336
Q

gall bladder

A

胆嚢

1337
Q

serous fluid

A

漿液

1338
Q

bile salt

A

胆汁酸塩

1339
Q

pancreatic acinar cells

A

膵腺房細胞

1340
Q

circular folds

A

輪状ひだ

1341
Q

sodium-glucose linked transporter (SGLT)/sodium dependent glucose transporter

A

ナトリウム-グルコース共輸送体/Nα+依存性グルコース輸送体

1342
Q

renal tubule

A

腎尿細管

1343
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

促通拡散

1344
Q

carrier

A

担体

1345
Q

intracellular digestion

A

細胞内消化

1346
Q

facilitated diffusion carrier

A

促通拡散たんたい

1347
Q

mixed micelle

A

混合ミセル

1348
Q

gut hormone/ gi hormone

A

消化管ホルモン

1349
Q

cholecytokini

A

コレシストキニン(CCK)

1350
Q

basal granulated cell

A

基底顆粒細胞

1351
Q

pyloric region of the stomach

A

胃幽門部

1352
Q

systemic circulation

A

大循環

1353
Q

digestive chyme

A

消化粥(がゆ)

1354
Q

body of the stomach

A

胃体部

1355
Q

pancreatic sodium bicarbonate water

A

膵重曹水

1356
Q

incretin

A

インクレチン

1357
Q

biliary system

A

胆道系

1358
Q

right hypochondrium

A

右季肋部(キロクブ)

1359
Q

subphrenic

A

横隔膜下

1360
Q

caudate lobe

A

尾状葉

1361
Q

quadrate lobe

A

方形葉

1362
Q

hepatic lobule

A

肝小葉

1363
Q

hepatic artery

A

肝動脈

1364
Q

hepatic sinusoid

A

肝類洞

1365
Q

central vein

A

中心静脈

1366
Q

stellate cell (Kupffer cell)

A

星細胞(クーパー細胞)

1367
Q

bile canaliculus

A

毛細胆管

1368
Q

cholangiole

A

細胆管

1369
Q

bile duct

A

胆管

1370
Q

common bile duct

A

総胆管

1371
Q

cystic duct

A

胆嚢管

1372
Q

duodenal papilla

A

十二指腸乳頭

1373
Q

sphincter of oddi

A

オッディーの括約筋

1374
Q

hepatic bile

A

肝蔵胆汁

1375
Q

bilirubin

A

ビリルビン

1376
Q

reticuloendothelial system (RES)

A

細網内皮系

1377
Q

gulcuronic acid/glucuronate

A

グルクロン酸

1378
Q

enterohepatic circulation

A

腸肝循環

1379
Q

chyle

A

乳び(乳状液

1380
Q

fibrin

A

フィブリン

1381
Q

serum

A

血清

1382
Q

medium

A

媒体

1383
Q

solvent

A

溶液

1384
Q

dissipation

A

放散

1385
Q

hemostatic mechanism

A

止血機構

1386
Q

extracellular/endocellular fluid

A

細胞外・内液

1387
Q

interstitial fluid

A

組織間液aka間質液

1388
Q

oncotic pressure…Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic-pressure, is a form of osmotic pressure induced by the proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel’s plasma that causes a pull on fluid back into the capillary.

A

血漿膠質(こうしつ)浸透圧

1389
Q

immunoglobulin

A

免疫グロブリン

1390
Q

fibronolytic fator

A

線維素溶解(線溶)系因子

1391
Q

plasma viscosity

A

血漿粘度

1392
Q

renal threshold for glucose

A

腎臓の糖排泄閾値

1393
Q

plasma osmolality

A

血漿浸透圧

1394
Q

acid base equilib

A

酸塩基平衡

1395
Q

isotonic

A

等張

1396
Q

saline

A

生理食塩水

1397
Q

KCL, calcium salt

A

K塩・Cα塩

1398
Q

long bone

A

長管骨

1399
Q

myeloid

A

骨髄球系

1400
Q

lymphoid

A

リンパ球系

1401
Q

erythrocyte, granulocyte, megakaryocyte, monocyte series

A

赤血、顆粒、巨核、単球系

1402
Q

erythropoeitin

A

エリスロポエチン(EPO)

1403
Q

colony stimulating factor

A

コロニー刺激因子(CSF)

1404
Q

thrombopoeitin

A

トロンボポエちん(TPO)

1405
Q

thymus

A

胸腺

1406
Q

plasmocyte

A

形質さいぼう

1407
Q

killer/helper t cells

A

キラー・ヘルパーT細胞

1408
Q

mast cell

A

肥満細胞

1409
Q

basophil

A

好塩基球

1410
Q

heme pigment

A

色素ヘム

1411
Q

oxygen dissociation curve

A

酸素解離曲線

1412
Q

hemolysis

A

溶血

1413
Q

spleen

A

脾臓

1414
Q

biliverdin

A

ビリベルジン

1415
Q

granulocyte (polymorphonuclear leukocyte)

A

顆粒白血球(多形核白血球)

1416
Q

agranulocyte

A

無顆粒白血球

1417
Q

tissue macrophage

A

組織マクロファーじ

1418
Q

cytokine

A

サイトカイン

1419
Q

lymphokine

A

リンフォカイン

1420
Q

antigen presenting cell

A

抗原提示細胞

1421
Q

acquired immune response

A

獲得免疫応答

1422
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

細胞性免疫

1423
Q

humoral immunity

A

(体)液性免疫

1424
Q

platelet thrombus/plug

A

血小板血栓

1425
Q

serotonin

A

セロトニン

1426
Q

agglutinogen

A

凝集原

1427
Q

agglutinin (antibody1)

A

凝集素(抗体)

1428
Q

anti-B agglutinin

A

抗B凝集素

1429
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

新生児溶血性疾患

1430
Q

blood transfusion

A

輸血

1431
Q

cross-compatability test

A

交叉適合試験

1432
Q

vascular endothelium

A

血管内皮

1433
Q

adhere

A

ゆ着

1434
Q

fibrinigen

A

フィブリノゲン

1435
Q

fibrin

A

フィブリン

1436
Q

blood coagulation

A

血液凝固

1437
Q

plasmin

A

プラスミン

1438
Q

fibronolysis

A

線維素溶解現象

1439
Q

tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

A

組織プラスミノゲンアクチベーター

1440
Q

fibrin stabilizing factor

A

フィブリン安定化因子

1441
Q

lymph node

A

リンパ節

1442
Q

stromal cells

A

間質細胞

1443
Q

splenic artery/vein

A

脾動・静脈

1444
Q

splenic hilum

A

脾門

1445
Q

splenic red/white pulp

A

赤・白髄

1446
Q

splenic pulp (Malpighian corpuscle)

A

脾小体(マルピギー小体)

1447
Q

paracortex

A

傍皮質

1448
Q

germinal center

A

胚中心

1449
Q

lymph sinus

A

リンパ洞

1450
Q

myeloid

A

骨髄球系

1451
Q

lymphoid

A

リンパ球系

1452
Q

plasma cell

A

形質細胞

1453
Q

thymus capsule

A

胸腺被膜

1454
Q

cytotoxic cells

A

細胞障害性細胞

1455
Q

interferon (IFN)

A

インターフェロン

1456
Q

interlukin (IL)

A

インターロイキン

1457
Q

natural killer cells

A

NK(ナチュラルキラー)細胞

1458
Q

naive cells

A

未感作細胞

1459
Q

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

主要組織適合遺伝子複合体

1460
Q

major histocompability antigen

A

主要組織適合抗原

1461
Q

immunological memory cells

A

免疫記憶細胞

1462
Q

antigen-antibody reaction

A

抗原抗体反応

1463
Q

anaphilactic shock

A

アナフィラキシーショック

1464
Q

innate immune system

A

自然免疫系

1465
Q

ready for battle

A

臨戦態勢

1466
Q

antibacterial substance

A

抗菌分子

1467
Q

toll like receptor (TLR)

A

パターン認識受容体(toll様受容体)

1468
Q

acquired immune system

A

獲得免疫系aka適応免疫

1469
Q

immunological memory

A

免疫記憶

1470
Q

circulatory system

A

循環系

1471
Q

blood circulatory system

A

血管系

1472
Q

lymphatic system

A

リンパ管系

1473
Q

waste

A

老廃物

1474
Q

vascular smooth muscle

A

中膜平滑筋

1475
Q

autocrine

A

自己分泌(オートクライン)

1476
Q

beside

A

傍ら(かたわら)

1477
Q

paracrine

A

傍分泌(パラクライン)

1478
Q

systemic circulation

A

大循環(体循環)

1479
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

小循環(肺循環)

1480
Q

pulmonary artery/vein

A

肺動脈・静脈

1481
Q

thoracic duct

A

胸管

1482
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

右リンパ本幹

1483
Q

pericardium

A

心嚢

1484
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

前縦隔

1485
Q

hollow organ

A

中空器官

1486
Q

vena cava/pulmonary vein

A

大静脈・肺静脈

1487
Q

atrium

A

心房

1488
Q

ventricle

A

心室

1489
Q

left atrioventricular valve (mitral valve)

A

左房室弁(僧帽弁)(そうぼうべん)

1490
Q

right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)

A

右房室弁(三尖弁)(さんせんべん)

1491
Q

pulmonary valve

A

肺動脈弁(半月弁)

1492
Q

aortic valve

A

大動脈弁(半月弁)

1493
Q

valve

A

弁膜

1494
Q

chordae tendineae

A

腱索

1495
Q

papillary muscle

A

乳頭筋

1496
Q

endocardium

A

心内膜

1497
Q

myocardial layer

A

心筋層

1498
Q

epicardium

A

心外膜

1499
Q

visceral layer

A

臓側板

1500
Q

specialized cardiac muscle

A

特殊心筋

1501
Q

ordinary heart muscle

A

固有心筋

1502
Q

sinoatrial node

A

洞房結節

1503
Q

atrioventricular node

A

房室結節

1504
Q

coronary sinus

A

冠状静脈洞

1505
Q

sinus rhythm

A

洞調律

1506
Q

pacemaker potential

A

歩調とり電位(ペースメーカー電位)

1507
Q

excitatory transmission

A

興奮伝導系

1508
Q

annulus fibrosis

A

線維輪

1509
Q

interventricular septum

A

心室中隔

1510
Q

right and left atrioventricular branch

A

心室内の左右の脚

1511
Q

excitation-contraction coupling

A

興奮ー収縮連関

1512
Q

refractory period

A

不応期

1513
Q

sterling’s law of the heart

A

スターリングの心臓の法則

1514
Q

venous return

A

血液の流出量(静脈還流)

1515
Q

cardiac output

A

拍出量(心拍出量)

1516
Q

electrocardiogram

A

心電図

1517
Q

algebraic sum

A

代数的総和

1518
Q

standard limb lead (bipolar lead)

A

標準肢誘導(双極誘導)

1519
Q

einthoven’s law

A

アインとーべんの法則

1520
Q

spike

A

棘波

1521
Q

PQ interval

A

PQ間隔

1522
Q

QRS wave

A

QRS波

1523
Q

ST segment

A

ST部分

1524
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

心筋虚血

1525
Q

cardiac hypertrophy

A

心肥大

1526
Q

arrhythmia

A

不整脈

1527
Q

cardiac cycle

A

心周期

1528
Q

systole/diastole

A

収縮・拡張期

1529
Q

heart sound

A

心音

1530
Q

intracardiac pressure

A

心内圧

1531
Q

volume

A

容積

1532
Q

isovolumetric contraction phase

A

等容性収縮期・緊張期

1533
Q

ejection phase

A

駆出期

1534
Q

isovolumetric relaxation phase

A

等容性弛緩期

1535
Q

filling phase

A

充満期

1536
Q

rapid filling

A

急速充満期

1537
Q

humoral

A

体液性

1538
Q

preload

A

前負荷

1539
Q

peripheral vascular resistance (afterload)

A

末梢血管抵抗(後負荷)

1540
Q

bradycardia

A

徐脈

1541
Q

intima/media/adventitia

A

内・中・外膜

1542
Q

elastic tissue

A

弾性組織

1543
Q

connective tissue

A

結合組織

1544
Q

arteriole

A

細動脈

1545
Q

vascular smooth muscle

A

中膜平滑筋

1546
Q

internal elastic lamina

A

内弾性板

1547
Q

pulse wave

A

脈波

1548
Q

pulse

A

脈拍

1549
Q

capillaries

A

毛細血管

1550
Q

pericytes

A

周皮細胞

1551
Q

microcirculation

A

微小循環系

1552
Q

metarterioles

A

メタ細動脈

1553
Q

capillaries

A

真毛細血管

1554
Q

pericapillary sphincters

A

前毛細血管括約筋

1555
Q

filtration

A

ろか

1556
Q

hydrostatic pressure difference

A

静水圧差

1557
Q

interstitial fluid

A

間質えき

1558
Q

capacitance vessel

A

容量血管系

1559
Q

venous valve

A

静脈弁

1560
Q

lymph capillary

A

毛細リンパ管

1561
Q

venous angle

A

静脈角

1562
Q

intestinal lymphatic trunk

A

 腸リンパ本幹

1563
Q

common illiac atery

A

総腸骨動脈

1564
Q

jugular lymphatic trunk

A

頸リンパ本幹

1565
Q

subclavian trunk

A

鎖骨下リンパ本幹

1566
Q

vasomotor regulation

A

血管運動調節

1567
Q

perfusion pressure

A

灌流圧(かんりゅうあつ)(動脈と静脈の血圧さ)

1568
Q

laminar flow

A

層流

1569
Q

turbulent flow

A

乱流

1570
Q

Poiseulle’s law

A

ポワズイユの法則

1571
Q

rigid tube

A

剛体管

1572
Q

pulse pressure

A

脈圧

1573
Q

brachial artery

A

上腕動脈

1574
Q

baroreceptor

A

圧受容器

1575
Q

stretch receptor

A

伸展受容器

1576
Q

cardiopulmonary baroreceptor

A

心肺部圧受容器

1577
Q

carotid/aortic body

A

頸・大動脈体

1578
Q

nucleus of solitary tract

A

孤束核

1579
Q

cardio-inhibitory center

A

心臓抑制中枢

1580
Q

vasomotor center

A

血管運動中枢

1581
Q

dorsal nucleus of vagus

A

迷走神経背側核

1582
Q

atrivenous anastomoses

A

動静脈吻合(ふんごう)

1583
Q

antihypertensive/hypertensive center

A

降・昇圧中枢

1584
Q

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

レニンーアンジオテンシンーアルデステロン系

1585
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

A

アンジオテンシン変換酵素

1586
Q

circumventricular organs

A

脳室周囲器官

1587
Q

organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

A

終板脈管器官(OVLT)

1588
Q

subfornical organ

A

脳弓下器官(SFO)

1589
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

心房性ナトリウム利尿ペプチド

1590
Q

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

A

脳ナトリウム利尿ペプチド

1591
Q

guanylate cyclase (GC)

A

グアニル酸シクラーぜ

1592
Q

endothelin

A

エンドセリン

1593
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

血管収縮因子

1594
Q

positive intropic/chronotropic effects
Positive inotropes make your heart muscle contractions stronger, raising your cardiac output to a normal level and increasing the amount of blood your heart can pump out. Chronotropic effects (from chrono-, meaning time, and tropos, “a turn”) are those that change the heart rate.

A

陽性変力・変時作用

1595
Q

Kallikrein-kinin system

A

カリクレインーキニン系

1596
Q

lysylbradykinin

A

リジルブラジキニン

1597
Q

bradykinin

A

ブラジキニン

1598
Q

high/low molecular weight-kininogen

A

高・低分子キニノーゲン

1599
Q

plasma/tissue kallikrein

A

血漿・組織カリクレイン

1600
Q

nitric oxide

A

一酸化窒素

1601
Q

vasidilator

A

血管弛緩因子

1602
Q

adrenomedulin (AM)

A

アドレノメデュリン

1603
Q

prostacyclin

A

プロスタサイクリン

1604
Q

anti-platelet coagulation action

A

抗血小板凝固作用

1605
Q

hemoperfusion pressure

A

血液灌流圧

1606
Q

bayliss effect

A

ベイリス効果

1607
Q

internal carotid artery

A

内頸動脈

1608
Q

vertebral artery

A

椎骨動脈

1609
Q

basilar artery

A

脳底動脈

1610
Q

arterial circle of Willis

A

ウィリス動脈輪(大脳動脈輪)

1611
Q

cerebral ventricle

A

脳室

1612
Q

subarachnoid cavity

A

くも膜下腔

1613
Q

choroid plexus ependymal cells

A

脈絡叢上衣細胞

1614
Q

posterior cerebellomedullary cistern

A

後小脳延髄槽

1615
Q

arachnoid villi

A

くも膜絨毛

1616
Q

cerebral sius

A

脳静脈洞

1617
Q

blood brain barrier

A

血液ー脳関門

1618
Q

brain capillary

A

脳毛細血管

1619
Q

astrocyte foot process (end feet)

A

星状膠細胞の足突起(終足)

1620
Q

cranial sinus/dural sinus

A

硬膜静脈洞

1621
Q

anterior interventricular sulcus/groove

A

前室間溝

1622
Q

left anterior descending coronary artery

A

左前下行枝(ひだりぜんかこうし)

1623
Q

left circumflex artery

A

左回旋枝(ひだりかいせんし)

1624
Q

shunt

A

シャント

1625
Q

blanchind phenomenon

A

蒼白現象

1626
Q

small vein

A

小静脈

1627
Q

reactive hyperemia

A

反応性充血

1628
Q

vascular bed

A

血管床

1629
Q

nasal cavity

A

鼻腔

1630
Q

pharynx

A

咽頭

1631
Q

larynx

A

喉頭

1632
Q

trachea

A

気管

1633
Q

bronchi

A

気管支

1634
Q

bronchiole

A

呼吸細気管支

1635
Q

alveoli

A

肺胞

1636
Q

alveolar sac

A

肺胞嚢

1637
Q

air passage

A

気道

1638
Q

pulmonary pleura

A

肺胸膜

1639
Q

hilum of the lung

A

肺門

1640
Q

parietal pleura

A

胸膜腔

1641
Q

thoracic cage

A

胸郭

1642
Q

diaphragm

A

横隔膜

1643
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

甲状軟骨

1644
Q

epiglottic cartilage

A

喉頭蓋軟骨

1645
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

輪状軟骨

1646
Q

vestibular fold

A

室ひだ

1647
Q

vocal fold

A

声帯ひだ

1648
Q

glottis

A

声門

1649
Q

ventilation

A

換気

1650
Q

gas partial pressure (PO2 etc)

A

ガス分圧

1651
Q

pressure gradient

A

圧勾配

1652
Q

inhalation

A

吸息

1653
Q

inhalation

A

呼息

1654
Q

abdominal/thoracic respiration

A

腹式・胸式呼吸

1655
Q

rib

A

肋骨(ろっこつ)

1656
Q

sternum

A

胸骨

1657
Q

external/internal intercostal muscle

A

外・内肋間筋(ろっかんきん)

1658
Q

breathing at rest

A

安静時呼吸

1659
Q

forced breathing

A

努力呼吸

1660
Q

scalene muscle

A

斜角筋

1661
Q

subclavian muscle

A

鎖骨下筋

1662
Q

pectoralis major

A

大胸筋

1663
Q

accessory respiratory muscle

A

補助呼吸筋

1664
Q

negative/positive pressure

A

陰・陽圧

1665
Q

compliance

A

コンプライアンス

1666
Q

intrapleural pressure

A

胸膜腔内圧

1667
Q

respiratory volume

A

呼吸気量

1668
Q

pneumothorax

A

気胸

1669
Q

tidal volume

A

一回換気量

1670
Q

respiratory minute volume

A

分時換気量

1671
Q

inspiratory/expiratory reserve volume (ERV, IRV)

A

予備呼吸量

1672
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

残気量

1673
Q

functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

機能的残気量

1674
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

肺活量

1675
Q

forced vital capacity (FVC)

A

努力肺活量

1676
Q

forced expiratory volume in 1 sec as a percent of forced volume capacity

A

1秒率

1677
Q

total lung capacity (TLC)

A

全肺容積

1678
Q

dead space

A

死腔量

1679
Q

alveolar ventilation

A

肺胞換気量

1680
Q

surfactant

A

表面活性剤(サーファクタント)

1681
Q

airway resistance

A

気道抵抗

1682
Q

fick’s law of diffusion

A

フィックの法則

1683
Q

diffusing capacity of the lung

A

肺拡散力=DL値

1684
Q

alveolar gas/air

A

肺胞気

1685
Q

bronchial artery/vein

A

気管支動脈/静脈

1686
Q

hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve

A

ヘモグロビンの酸素解離曲線

1687
Q

bohr effect

A

ボーア効果

1688
Q

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

A

2、3ージホスホグリセリン酸(DPG)

1689
Q

haldane effect

A

ホールデン効果

1690
Q

ventilation/perfusion ratio

A

換気/血流比(VA/Q)

1691
Q

amount of change/variation

A

変化量

1692
Q

infinite

A

無限大

1693
Q

saturation

A

飽和

1694
Q

degree of oxygen saturation

A

酸素飽和度

1695
Q

carbon monoxide poisoning

A

一酸化炭素中毒

1696
Q

carbonic acid (H2CO3)

A

炭酸

1697
Q

hydrogen ion

A

水素イオン(H+)

1698
Q

bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

A

重炭素イオン

1699
Q

carbonic anhydrase

A

炭酸脱水素酵素

1700
Q

carbamino compound

A

カルバミノ化合物

1701
Q

anion exchange protein (AE)

A

陰イオン交換輸送体タンパク

1702
Q

hamburger shift/chloride shift

A

ハンバーガーシフト・クロライドシフト

1703
Q

hematocrit level… % of RBC

A

ヘマトクリット値

1704
Q

cervical/thoracic spinal cord

A

頸・胸髄

1705
Q

inspiratory/expiratory neuron

A

吸・呼息ニューロン

1706
Q

Hering-Breuer’s reflex

A

へーリングーブロイエル反射

1707
Q

internal/external carotid artery

A

内・外頸動脈

1708
Q

common carotid artery

A

総頸動脈

1709
Q

central chemoreceptor

A

中枢化学受容器

1710
Q

CO2 narcosis

A

CO2ナルコーシス

1711
Q

polypnea

A

頻呼吸

1712
Q

bradypnea

A

徐呼吸

1713
Q

apenea

A

無呼吸

1714
Q

sleep apnea syndrome

A

睡眠無呼吸症候群

1715
Q

hyperapnea/hyperventilation

A

過呼吸

1716
Q

shallow breathing

A

浅呼吸

1717
Q

hypopnea

A

小呼吸

1718
Q

renal pelvis

A

腎盂(じんう)

1719
Q

ureter

A

尿管

1720
Q

bladder

A

膀胱

1721
Q

abdominal aorta

A

腹大動脈

1722
Q

renal artery

A

腎動脈

1723
Q

renal pyramid

A

腎錐体

1724
Q

arcurate artery

A

弓状動脈

1725
Q

interlobular artery

A

小葉間動脈

1726
Q

afferent arteriole

A

輸入細動管

1727
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

ボーマン嚢

1728
Q

renal corpuscle

A

腎小体

1729
Q

glomerular capillaries

A

糸球体毛細血管

1730
Q

podocytes

A

足細胞

1731
Q

mesangium cells

A

メサンギウム細胞

1732
Q

loop of henle

A

ヘンレのループ

1733
Q

descending loop of henle

A

ヘンレのループの下行脚

1734
Q

ascending loop of henle

A

ヘンレのループの上行脚

1735
Q

renal vein

A

腎静脈

1736
Q

nephron

A

ネフロン(腎単位)

1737
Q

ultrafiltration

A

限外ろ過

1738
Q

efferent ateriole

A

輸出細動脈

1739
Q

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

糸球体ろ過量

1740
Q

renal plasma flow (RPF)

A

腎血漿流量

1741
Q

clearance

A

クリアランス

1742
Q

interstitium

A

間質

1743
Q

hypertonic…having a higher osmotic pressure (a measure of the tendency of water to move into one solution from another by osmosis) than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.

A

高張

1744
Q

hypotonic

A

低張

1745
Q

collecting duct

A

集合管

1746
Q

counter current system

A

対向流系

1747
Q

aquaresis

A

水利尿

1748
Q

water intoxication

A

水中毒

1749
Q

osmotic diuresis

A

浸透圧利尿

1750
Q

transport maximum

A

最大輸送量(Tm)

1751
Q

renal diabetes

A

腎性糖尿病

1752
Q

organic acid

A

有機酸

1753
Q

glutaminase

A

グルタミナーゼ

1754
Q

acidosis/alkalosis

A

アシドーシス・アルカローシス

1755
Q

ammonia

A

アンモニア

1756
Q

internal/external urethral sphincter

A

内・外尿道括約筋

1757
Q

pudendal nerve

A

陰部神経

1758
Q

micturition reflex

A

排尿反射

1759
Q

sacral spine

A

仙髄

1760
Q

micturition center

A

排尿中枢

1761
Q

intracellular fluid

A

細胞内液

1762
Q

semipermeable membrane

A

半透膜

1763
Q

permeation

A

浸透

1764
Q

oncotic pressure

A

膠質浸透圧

1765
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

静水圧

1766
Q

osmotic substances

A

浸透圧物質

1767
Q

insensible water loss

A

不感蒸泄

1768
Q

oral

A

経口

1769
Q

baroreceptor

A

圧(高圧)受容器

1770
Q

volume receptor

A

容量(低圧)受容器

1771
Q

diastolic overload

A

容量負荷

1772
Q

cardiopulmonary baroreceptor

A

心肺領域容量受容器

1773
Q

portal vein-liver region Na+ receptor

A

門脈ー肝臓領域Nα+受容器

1774
Q

administration

A

投与

1775
Q

nucleus of the solitary tract of the medulla oblangata

A

延髄孤束核

1776
Q

area postrema

A

最後野

1777
Q

subfornical organ

A

脳弓下器官(SFO)

1778
Q

organum vaculosum of the lamina terminalis

A

終板脈管器官(OVLT)

1779
Q

humoral factor

A

液性因子

1780
Q

volatility

A

揮発性

1781
Q

respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

A

呼吸性アシドーシス・アルカローシス

1782
Q

metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

A

代謝性アシドーシス・アルカローシス

1783
Q

blood buffer system

A

血液緩衝系

1784
Q

imidazole group

A

イミダゾール基

1785
Q

non volatile acid

A

不揮発性酸

1786
Q

anion gap

A

アニオンギャップ(AN)(陰イオンギャップ)

1787
Q

renal/repiratory compensation

A

腎性・呼吸性代償

1788
Q

body temp

A

体温

1789
Q

shell

A

1790
Q

core

A

1791
Q

basal metabolism

A

基礎代謝

1792
Q

shivering

A

ふるえ

1793
Q

protractor/flexor muscle

A

伸・屈筋

1794
Q

nonshivering thermogenesis

A

非ふるえ熱産生

1795
Q

beige adipocytes

A

ベージュ脂肪細胞

1796
Q

uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1)

A

脱共役タンパク質

1797
Q

diet induced thermogenesis

A

食事誘発性産熱反応

1798
Q

heat dissipation

A

熱放散

1799
Q

radiation

A

輻射(ふくしゃ)

1800
Q

conduction

A

伝導

1801
Q

convection

A

対流

1802
Q

evaporation

A

蒸発

1803
Q

cutaneous blood vessel

A

皮膚血管

1804
Q

heat exchange

A

熱交換

1805
Q

countercurrent heat exchange

A

対向流熱交換

1806
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

エクリン腺

1807
Q

apocrine gland

A

アポクリン腺

1808
Q

thermal sweating

A

温熱性発汗

1809
Q

mental sweating

A

精神性発汗

1810
Q

acclimatization

A

気候順化

1811
Q

thermal equilib

A

熱平衡

1812
Q

heat storage

A

貯熱量

1813
Q

temperature regulating center

A

体温調節中枢

1814
Q

preoptic area

A

視索前野

1815
Q

temp sensitive neuron

A

温度感受性ニューロン

1816
Q

warm/cold- sensitive neuron

A

温感受性・冷感受性ニューロン

1817
Q

setpoint theory

A

設定温度(セットポイント)仮説

1818
Q

heatstroke/heat retention

A

熱中症・うつ熱

1819
Q

fever

A

発熱

1820
Q

chills

A

悪感

1821
Q

antipyretic

A

解熱

1822
Q

exogenous/endogenous pyrogen

A

外因性/内因性発熱物質

1823
Q

hypothermia

A

低体温症

1824
Q

degrees celsius

A

摂氏温度

1825
Q

kelvin temp

A

ケルビン温度

1826
Q

absolute temperature

A

絶対温度

1827
Q

equivalent

A

当量

1828
Q

molar concentration

A

モル濃度

1829
Q

osmolaritiy…Osmolarity and osmolality are frequently confused and incorrectly interchanged. Osmolarity refers to the number of solute particles per 1 L of solvent, whereas osmolality is the number of solute particles in 1 kg of solvent.

A

浸透圧濃度

1830
Q

osmolality…Osmolarity and osmolality are frequently confused and incorrectly interchanged. Osmolarity refers to the number of solute particles per 1 L of solvent, whereas osmolality is the number of solute particles in 1 kg of solvent.

A

重量モル浸透圧濃度