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Medschool prep > Translation シンブル生化学 > Flashcards

Translation シンブル生化学 Flashcards

1
Q

organize

A

組織化

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2
Q

life phenomenon

A

生物現象

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3
Q

biochem

A

生化学

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4
Q

biopolymer

A

生体高分子

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5
Q

genetic engineering technology

A

遺伝子工学技術

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6
Q

constant or homeostatic

A

恒常的

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7
Q

electronegativity

A

電気陰性度

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8
Q

polarization

A

分極

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9
Q

biased

A

偏る

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10
Q

electron cloud

A

電子雲

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11
Q

dipole

A

双極子

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12
Q

polar molecule

A

極性分子

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13
Q

electrostatic interaction

A

静電的相互作用

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14
Q

near room temperature

A

室温付近

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15
Q

regular tetrahedron

A

正四面体

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16
Q

density

A

密度

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17
Q

melting point

A

融点

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18
Q

boiling point

A

沸点

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19
Q

dissolving ability

A

溶解能

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20
Q

solute

A

溶質

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21
Q

compound

A

化合物

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22
Q

solvent

A

溶媒

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23
Q

stabilization

A

安定化

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24
Q

solvation

A

溶媒和。。。溶質分子もしくは溶質が電離して生じたイオンと溶媒分子とが、静電気力や水素結合などによって結びつき取り囲むことで溶質が溶媒中に拡散する現象のことである

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25
Q

hydration

A

水和

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26
Q

amphipathic molecule

A

両親媒性分子

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27
Q

dissociation

A

解離

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28
Q

ion product = 14

A

イオン積

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29
Q

activity

A

活量

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30
Q

plasma component of the blood

A

血漿成分（けっしょう）

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31
Q

intercellular space

A

細胞間隙（かんげき）

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32
Q

interstitial fluid

A

組織間液

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33
Q

intake

A

摂取

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34
Q

metabolic water

A

代謝水

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35
Q

excrete

A

排泄

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36
Q

voluntary urine

A

随意尿（ずいいにょう）or 可避尿

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37
Q

waste

A

老廃物

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38
Q

obligatory urine

A

不可避尿。。。
尿は、体内で生じる老廃物などを排泄するために必要な最小限の尿量

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39
Q

evaporate

A

蒸発

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40
Q

exhalation

A

呼気

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41
Q

insensible water loss

A

不感蒸泄

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42
Q

reabsorb

A

再吸収

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43
Q

stool

A

糞便

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44
Q

structural component

A

構成成分

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45
Q

autotrophy

A

独立栄養。。。栄養素として有機化合物を必要とせず、無機物だけを用い、これを同化して、生物自体の体を構成する有機物を合成して生活活動を営む栄養形式をいう… plants and some bacteria

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46
Q

heterotroph (an organism that depends on complex organic substances for nutrition) dog fish humans

A

従属栄養

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47
Q

capture

A

捕捉

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48
Q

metabolic turnover…Metabolic turnover is the sum of all biochemical reactions – the metabolic network – within a living cell that are involved in the conversion of substrates, particularly carbon, nitrogen and energy sources into Gibbs free energy, secreted metabolites and cell mass.

A

代謝回転

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49
Q

dynamic equilib

A

動的平衡

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50
Q

homeostasis

A

恒常性

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51
Q

internal environment

A

内部環境

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52
Q

physiologically active substances

A

生理活性物質

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53
Q

cytokine

A

サイトカイン

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54
Q

autocoid (such as prostaglandins and histamine)

A

オータコイド（例えばプロスタグランジン、ヒスタミン）

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55
Q

organelle

A

オルガネラ

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56
Q

biomembrane

A

生体膜

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57
Q

nucleoid

A

核様体。。。原核細胞内に観察されるゲノムDNAが折り畳まれた構造体。真核細胞の核とは異なり、膜構造（核膜）で囲まれてはいない。

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58
Q

mesosome

A

メソソーム

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59
Q

eubacteria…Eubacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms consisting of a single cell lacking a nucleus and containing DNA is a single circular chromosome.

A

真正細菌

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60
Q

archaea…archaea, (domain Archaea), any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (that is, organisms whose cells lack a defined nucleus) that have distinct molecular characteristics separating them from bacteria (the other, more prominent group of prokaryotes) as well as from eukaryotes (organisms, including plants and animals, whose cells contain a defined nucleus).

A

古細菌

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61
Q

isoprenoid

A

イソプレノイド

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62
Q

ether bond

A

エーテル結合

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63
Q

nucleolus

A

核小体

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64
Q

ester bond

A

エステル結合

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65
Q

peptidoglycan

A

ペプチドグリカン

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66
Q

muramic acid

A

ムラミン酸

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67
Q

murein

A

ムレイン

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68
Q

autosomal chromosome

A

常染色体

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69
Q

plasma membrane

A

形質膜

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70
Q

low molecular weight fat soluble substances

A

低分子脂溶性物質

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71
Q

glycocalyx

A

糖衣

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72
Q

intestinal mucosal epithetium

A

腸管粘膜上皮

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73
Q

tight junction

A

密着結合

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74
Q

intestinal lumen

A

腸管腔

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75
Q

lateral basal side

A

側面基底側

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76
Q

microvillus

A

微絨毛（びじゅうもう）

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77
Q

microfilament aka actin filaments

A

ミクロフィラメント/アクチンフィラメント

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78
Q

karyoplasm/nucleoplasm

A

核質…核膜に包まれている原形質の総称である[1]。核液（nuclear sap）とも呼ばれる。細胞が細胞質を含んでいるのと同様に、細胞核は核質を含んでいる。

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79
Q

polysome/polyribosome…a cluster of ribosomes held together by a strand of messenger RNA each of which are translating

A

ポリソーム・ポリリソソーム

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80
Q

nuclear pore complex

A

核膜孔複合体

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81
Q

reactive oxygen species production

A

活性酸素産生

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82
Q

Nuclear localization signal/sequence

A

核局在化シグナル。。。タンパク質を細胞核へ輸送する目印となるアミノ酸配列のことである。

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83
Q

beta-oxidation of fatty acids

A

脂肪酸のβ酸化

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84
Q

urea cycle

A

尿素回路

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85
Q

tubular

A

管状

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86
Q

membrane bound/free

A

膜結合型・遊離型

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87
Q

hydroxylation

A

水酸化

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88
Q

conjugation

A

抱合（ほうごう）

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89
Q

microsome

A

ミクロソーム

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90
Q

fraction

A

画分（かくぶん）

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91
Q

glycosyl transferase

A

グリコシルトランスフェラーゼ（糖転移酵素）

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92
Q

secrotory granule

A

分泌顆粒

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93
Q

convex surface (cis side)

A

凸面（とつめん）シス区画

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94
Q

concave surface/trans-side

A

凹面（おうめん）・トランス区画

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95
Q

acrosome

A

尖体（アクロソーム、先体とも呼ばれる、せんたい）。。。精子核の周囲を帽子状に取り囲むものであり、精子細胞(en:Spermatid)が精子に変形する過程において、ゴルジ装置から作られた袋状の構造物。 尖体とも呼ばれる。

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96
Q

interphase

A

間期

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97
Q

digestive decomposition

A

消化分解

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98
Q

phagosome

A

食胞、ファゴソーム

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99
Q

phagolysosome

A

ファゴリソソーム

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100
Q

catalse

A

カタラーゼ

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101
Q

very long chain fatty acid

A

極長鎖脂肪酸

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102
Q

cytosol…the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended.

A

細胞質ゾル・サイトゾル

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103
Q

microtubule

A

微小管

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104
Q

desmin…a muscle-specific protein and a key subunit of the intermediate filament in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscles.

A

デスミン

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105
Q

mesynchymal cells…Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue.

A

間葉性細胞。。。成体内に存在する幹細胞（ステムセル）の一つで、中胚葉由来（originates from the mesoderm）の組織である骨や軟骨、血管、心筋細胞に分化できる能力をもつ細胞。

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106
Q

vimentin

A

ビメンチン

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107
Q

kinesin

A

キネシン

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108
Q

microtubule associated protein (MAP)

A

微小管結合タンパク質

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109
Q

dyenin

A

ダイニン

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110
Q

membrane skeleton

A

膜骨格

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111
Q

spectrin

A

スペクトリン

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112
Q

proteoglycan

A

プロテオグリカン

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113
Q

collagen

A

コラーゲン

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114
Q

elastin

A

エラスチン

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115
Q

fibronectin

A

フィブロネクチン

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116
Q

laminin

A

ラミニン

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117
Q

cell adhesion

A

細胞接着

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118
Q

resistance

A

抵抗力

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119
Q

elasticity

A

弾力

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120
Q

basal lamina

A

基底膜

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121
Q

cell adhesion molecule

A

細胞接着分子

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122
Q

wound healing

A

創傷治癒

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123
Q

integrin

A

インテグリン

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124
Q

cadaherin

A

カドヘリン

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125
Q

immunoglobulin superfamily

A

免疫グロブリン・スーパーファミリー

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126
Q

selectin

A

セレクチン

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127
Q

heterodimer

A

ヘテロ二量体

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128
Q

signal transduction

A

情報伝達

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129
Q

neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)

A

神経細胞接着因子

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130
Q

cell junction

A

細胞接着装置・細胞結合

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131
Q

anchoring junction

A

固定結合。。。脊椎動物に3つある細胞結合（cell junction）の1つで、いろいろな動物組織に存在し、「細胞接着」の代表格である。

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132
Q

occluding junction

A

閉鎖結合…水も漏らさないピチッとした結合で、脊椎動物の密着結合（tight junction）と無脊椎動物の隔壁結合（septate junction）がある。

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133
Q

linkage factor

A

連結因子

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134
Q

desmosome

A

デスモソーム・固定結合

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135
Q

adherens junction

A

アドヘレンス結合

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136
Q

renal tubule

A

尿細管

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137
Q

renal tubular epithelium

A

尿細管上皮

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138
Q

bladder

A

膀胱

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139
Q

claudin

A

クローディン

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140
Q

occludin

A

オクルディン

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141
Q

gap junction

A

ギャップ結合

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142
Q

connexin

A

コネキシン

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143
Q

connexon

A

コネキソン

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144
Q

hemidesmosome

A

ヘミデスモソーム

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145
Q

adhesion plaque

A

付着班（はん）

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146
Q

focal contact/adhesion

A

斑状接着molten like

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147
Q

stress fiber…Stress fibers are contractile actin bundles found in non-muscle cells.[1] They are composed of actin (microfilaments) and non-muscle myosin II (NMMII), and also contain various crosslinking proteins, such as α-actinin, to form a highly regulated actomyosin structure within non-muscle cells.[2] Stress fibers have been shown to play an important role in cellular contractility, providing force for a number of functions such as cell adhesion, migration and morphogenesis.

A

ストレスファイバー

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148
Q

wander

A

遊走

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149
Q

alcoholic hydroxyl group （-OH）

A

アルコール性水酸基

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150
Q

mono〜hexose

A

一〜六炭糖

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151
Q

ketone group

A

ケトン基

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152
Q

aldose

A

アルドース

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153
Q

ketose

A

ケトース

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154
Q

stereoisomer

A

立体異性体

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155
Q

stereocenter, chiral center/carbon

A

不斉炭素（ふせい）・キラル中心

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156
Q

hydroxyl group (-OH)

A

水酸基

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157
Q

fischer formula.. the one in vertical line

A

フィッシャー式

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158
Q

harworth formula. one with hexagon

A

ハワースの式

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159
Q

reeves formula. one with chair

A

リーベス式

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160
Q

when pointing at the number of carbon, like C-4, C-2

A

４位、２位の炭素

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161
Q

optical activity

A

光学活性・旋光性（せんこうせい）

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162
Q

optical isomers/enantiomers

A

光学異性体

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163
Q

pyranose

A

ピラノース

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164
Q

furanose

A

フラノース

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165
Q

six-membered ring

A

六員環

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166
Q

alpha, beta-anomer

A

α、βーアノマー

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167
Q

epimer

A

エピマー

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168
Q

D,L isomer

A

D,L型異性体

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169
Q

substituent

A

置換基

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170
Q

isomerization

A

異性化

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171
Q

optical rotation/angle of rotation

A

旋光度

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172
Q

mutarotation

A

変旋光。。。単糖のアノマーにおいて旋光度が自発的に変化する現象である。

α-アノマーとβ-アノマーはその化学的立体構造の違いから旋光度が違っている。

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173
Q

conformation

A

立体配座

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174
Q

chair/boat conformation

A

いす・舟型

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175
Q

intramolecular dehydrogenation reaction

A

分子内脱水素反応

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176
Q

furfural derivative

A

フルフラール誘導体

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177
Q

strong acid

A

強酸

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178
Q

reduction power

A

還元力

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179
Q

carboxylic acid

A

カルボン酸

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180
Q

aldonic acid

A

アルドン酸

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181
Q

hydroxymethyl group

A

ヒドロキシメチル基

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182
Q

uronic acid

A

ウロン酸

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183
Q

glycuronic acid

A

グルクロン酸

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184
Q

sugar alcohol

A

糖アルコール

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185
Q

glycitol

A

ぐるしとーる

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186
Q

sorbitol

A

ソルビトール

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187
Q

intermolecular dehydration reaction

A

分子間脱水素反応

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188
Q

glycoside

A

グリコシド（配糖体）

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189
Q

hemiacetal

A

ヘミアセタール

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190
Q

hemiketal

A

ヘミケタール

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191
Q

dehydration condensation

A

脱水縮合

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192
Q

glycosidic hydroxyl group

A

グリコシド性水酸基

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193
Q

glycosidic bond

A

グリコシド結合

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194
Q

glycosidase

A

グリコシターゼ

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195
Q

dihydroxyacetone

A

ジヒドロキシアセトン

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196
Q

pentose phosphate pathway

A

ペンとーすリン酸経路

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197
Q

glucuronate pathway

A

グルクロン酸経路

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198
Q

amino sugar

A

アミノ糖

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199
Q

hexosamine

A

ヘキソサミン

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200
Q

acetylation

A

アセチル化

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201
Q

sialic acid

A

シアル酸

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202
Q

neuramic acid

A

ノイラミン酸

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203
Q

methylpentose

A

メチルペントース

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204
Q

L-fucose

A

Lーフコース

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205
Q

reducing/nonreducing disaccharide

A

還元性・非還元性二糖

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206
Q

reducing/nonreducing end/terminal

A

還元性・非還元性末端

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207
Q

maltase

A

マルターぜ

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208
Q

isomaltose

A

イソマルトース

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209
Q

b-galactosidase (lactase)

A

βーガラクトシターゼ（ラクターゼ）

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210
Q

cellobiose

A

セロビオース

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211
Q

sucrase

A

スクラーゼ

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212
Q

sucrose

A

スクロース・ショ糖

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213
Q

homoglycan/simple polysaccharide

A

単純多糖・ホモ多糖

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214
Q

heteroglycan/complex polysaccharide

A

複合多糖・ヘテロ多糖

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215
Q

starch = amylose + amylopectin

A

デンプン＝アミロース＋アミロペクチン

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216
Q

glycogen

A

グリコーげん

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217
Q

glycoconjugate

A

複合糖質

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218
Q

proteoglycan

A

プロテオグリカン

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219
Q

O-/N-glycoside

A

Oー・N-グリコシド型

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220
Q

serum protein

A

血清タンパク質（けっせい）

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221
Q

mucin type

A

ムチン型

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222
Q

biologically active substances

A

生理活性物質

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223
Q

amide nitrogen

A

アミド窒素

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224
Q

ABO blood type activity

A

ABO式血液型活性

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225
Q

glycosaminoglycan

A

グルコサミノグリカン

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226
Q

chondroitin sulfate

A

コンドロイチン硫酸

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227
Q

dernatan sulfate

A

デルマタン硫酸

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228
Q

heparin

A

ヘパリン

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229
Q

keratan sulfate

A

ケラタン硫酸

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230
Q

ether

A

エーテル

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231
Q

benzene

A

ベンゼン

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232
Q

organic solvent

A

有機溶媒

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233
Q

simple lipid

A

単純脂質

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234
Q

compound lipid, complex lipid, conjugated lipid

A

複合脂質

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235
Q

derived lipid

A

誘導脂質

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236
Q

neutral lipid

A

中性脂質

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237
Q

glycerolipid

A

グリセロ脂質

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238
Q

sphingolipid

A

スフィンゴ脂質

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239
Q

fat-soluble vitamin

A

脂溶性ビタミン

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240
Q

bile acid

A

胆汁酸(たんじゅうさん)

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241
Q

carboxy group

A

カルボキシ基

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242
Q

ionization

A

イオン化

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243
Q

surfactant

A

界面活性剤

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244
Q

free fatty acid

A

遊離脂肪酸

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245
Q

nonesterified FA

A

非エステル結合型脂肪酸

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246
Q

albumin

A

アルブミン

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247
Q

dissolved

A

溶存

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248
Q

short/medium/long fatty acid

A

短・中・長鎖脂肪酸

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249
Q

emulsification

A

乳化

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250
Q

cis (Z), trans (E)

A

シス・トランス

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251
Q

monoenoic acid

A

モノエン酸

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252
Q

polyenoic acid

A

ポリエン酸

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253
Q

lipid peroxide

A

過酸化脂質

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254
Q

essential fatty acids

A

必須脂肪酸

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255
Q

linoleic acid

A

リノール酸

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256
Q

alpha-linoleic acid

A

αーリノレン酸

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257
Q

eicosanoid

A

エイコサノイド

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258
Q

thromboxane

A

トロンボキサン

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259
Q

leukotrienes

A

ロイコトリエン類

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260
Q

autocoid

A

オートコイド

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261
Q

local hormone

A

局所ホルモン

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262
Q

triacylglycerol

A

トリアシルグリセロール

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263
Q

triglyceride

A

トリグリセリド

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264
Q

oil

A

油

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265
Q

fat

A

脂

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266
Q

mitigation, relief

A

緩和

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267
Q

saponification

A

けん化…動植物の油脂（脂肪）を水酸化ナトリウムや水酸化カリウムなどの塩基を使ってグリセリンと高級脂肪酸塩（カルボン酸塩、石鹸）に加水分解することを指しています。

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268
Q

wax

A

ロウ

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269
Q

primary alcohol

A

一級アルコール

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270
Q

phosphatidic acid

A

ホスファチジン酸

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271
Q

glycerophospholipid

A

グリセロンリン脂質

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272
Q

phosphatidylcholine (aka, lecithin)

A

ホスファチジルコリン（aka　レシチン）

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273
Q

myelin

A

ミエリン

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274
Q

platelet-activating factor (PAF)

A

血小板活性因子

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275
Q

alveoli

A

肺胞

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276
Q

sphingolipid

A

スフィンゴ脂質

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277
Q

sphingomyelin

A

スフィンゴミエリン

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278
Q

sphingophospholipid

A

スフィンゴリン脂質

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279
Q

cranial nervous system

A

脳神経系

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280
Q

monounsaturated fatty acid

A

一価不飽和脂肪酸

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281
Q

sphingoglycolipid

A

スフィンゴ糖脂質

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282
Q

sialic acid

A

シアル酸

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283
Q

ganglioside

A

ガングリオシド

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284
Q

brain white matter

A

脳白質

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285
Q

glyceroglycolipid

A

グリセロ糖脂質

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286
Q

glycerol

A

グリセロール

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287
Q

sulfolipid

A

硫脂質

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288
Q

sulfatide

A

スルファチド

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289
Q

corticoid

A

副腎皮質ホルモン

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290
Q

sterol

A

ステロール

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291
Q

adrenal cortex

A

副腎皮質

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292
Q

enterohepatic circulation

A

腸肝循環

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293
Q

duodenum

A

十二指腸

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294
Q

steroid hormone

A

ステロイドホルモン

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295
Q

estrogen

A

卵胞ホルモン（エストロゲン）

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296
Q

progesteron

A

黄体ホルモン（プロゲステロン）

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297
Q

glucocorticoid

A

グルココルチコイド

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298
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

ミネラルコルチコイド

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299
Q

aldosterone

A

アルドステロン

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300
Q

cortisol

A

コルチゾール

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301
Q

cortisone

A

コルチゾん

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302
Q

corticosterone

A

コルチコステロン

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303
Q

renal tubule

A

腎尿細管

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304
Q

reabsorption

A

再吸収

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305
Q

excretion

A

排泄

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306
Q

androgen

A

アンドロゲン

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307
Q

initiation and maintenance of male reproductive function

A

男性生殖機能の発現と維持

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308
Q

sperm formation promotion

A

精子形成促進

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309
Q

protein anabolism

A

タンパク質の同化

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310
Q

establishment of pregnancy and maintenance

A

妊娠の成立と維持

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311
Q

maintenance of sexual cycle

A

性周期の維持

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312
Q

terpenes

A

テルペン

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313
Q

cartenoid

A

カロテノイド

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314
Q

lipoprotein

A

リポタンパク質

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315
Q

cholesterol ester

A

コレステロールエステル

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316
Q

low density lipoprotein (LDL)

A

低密度リポタンパク質

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317
Q

serum lipoprotein

A

血清リポ蛋白質

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318
Q

chylomicron

A

キロミクロン

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319
Q

high density lipoprotein

A

高密度リポタンパク質

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320
Q

lifestyle disease

A

生活習慣病

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321
Q

small intestinal mucosa

A

小腸粘膜

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322
Q

lymphatic vessels.

A

リンパ管

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323
Q

peripheral tissue

A

末梢組織

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324
Q

plasma

A

血漿

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325
Q

very low density lipoprotein

A

超低密度リポタンパク質

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326
Q

intrinsic

A

内因性

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327
Q

esterification

A

エステル化

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328
Q

　surplus

A

余剰

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329
Q

simple protein

A

単純タンパク質

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330
Q

conjugated protein

A

複合タンパク質

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331
Q

chiral center

A

不斉中心（キラル中心）

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332
Q

enantiomer

A

鏡像異性体

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333
Q

R-group

A

置換基

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334
Q

absolute configuration

A

絶対配置

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335
Q

aliphatic amino acid (glycine, alanine)

A

脂肪族アミノ酸（グリシン、アラニン）

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336
Q

branched amino acid (valine, leucine, isoleucine)

A

分岐アミノ酸（バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン）

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337
Q

hydroxyamino acid (serine, threonine)

A

ヒドロキシアミノ酸 （セリン、トリオニン）

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338
Q

sulfur containing amino acid (cysteine, methionine)

A

含硫（がんりゅう）アミノ酸（システイン、メチオニン）

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339
Q

acid amide amino acid (asparagine, glutamine)

A

酸アミドアミノ酸（アスパラギン、グルタミン）

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340
Q

imino acid (proline)

A

イミノ酸（プロリン）

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341
Q

aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan)

A

芳香（ほうこう）族アミノ酸（フェニルアラニン、チロシン、トリプトファン）

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342
Q

acidic amino acid (aspartic acid, glutamic acid)

A

酸性アミノ酸（アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸）

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343
Q

basic amino acid (lysine, arginine, histidine)

A

塩基性アミノ酸（リシン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン）

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344
Q

R-/S-configuration

A

Rー・S-配置

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345
Q

glycogenic amino acid

A

糖原生アミノ酸

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346
Q

ketogenic amino acid

A

ケト原生アミノ酸

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347
Q

benzene ring

A

ベンゼン核

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348
Q

weak electrolyte

A

弱電解質。。。身体の水分、つまり体液には「電解質（イオン）」が含まれています。電解質（イオン）とは、水に溶けると電気を通す物質のことです。電解質は水中では電気を帯びたイオンになり、電気を通すようになります。

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349
Q

amphoteric/dipolar/zwitter ion

A

両性・双極子・双性イオン。。。分子内に酸性および塩基性の原子団をもっている両性電解質が溶液中で両原子団を同時に電離して生じる電気双極子のこと．

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350
Q

ampholyte

A

両性電解質

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351
Q

pKa=-logKa

A
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352
Q

Ka = {H+}{A-}/{HA}

A

Ka=解離定数＝dissociation constant

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353
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
pH=pKa+log{(A-)/(HA)}

A

ヘンダーソン・ハッセルバルヒ式

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354
Q

isoelectric point

A

等電点（pI）

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355
Q

dissociation group/leaving group

A

解離基

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356
Q

amino acid derivative

A

アミノ酸残基

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357
Q

aminoacyl tRNA

A

アミノアシルtRNA

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358
Q

same plane

A

同一平面内

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359
Q

primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary structure

A

一・二・三・四次構造

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360
Q

disulfide bond

A

ジスルフィド結合

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361
Q

beta-turn

A

βターン

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362
Q

antiparallel

A

逆平行

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363
Q

prosthetic group

A

補欠分子族

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364
Q

tendon

A

腱

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365
Q

cartilage

A

軟骨

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366
Q

cornea

A

角膜

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367
Q

globular protein

A

球状タンパク質

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368
Q

fibrous protein

A

線維状タンパク質

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369
Q

supersecondary structure (e.g. alpha-alpha corner)

A

超二次構造

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370
Q

percipitation

A

沈殿

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371
Q

salting out

A

塩析 （えんせき）

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372
Q

acids (trichloroacetic acid, perchloric acid, sulfosalicyclic acid)

A

酸類（トリクロロ酢酸、過塩素酸、、スルホサリチル酸）

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373
Q

heavy metal salt

A

重金属塩

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374
Q

addition

A

添加

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375
Q

absorption maximum

A

吸収極大（きょくだい）

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376
Q

coloring reaction

A

呈色反応（ていしょく）

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377
Q

used for quantification

A

定量に用いられる

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378
Q

denaturation

A

変性

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379
Q

urea

A

尿素

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380
Q

guanidine chloride

A

塩酸グアニジン

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381
Q

heating

A

加熱

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382
Q

freeze

A

凍結

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383
Q

agitation

A

かく拌（はん）

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384
Q

ultrasound

A

超音波

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385
Q

random coil

A

ランダムコイル

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386
Q

regeneration

A

再生

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387
Q

molecular chaperone

A

分子シャペロン

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388
Q

heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)

A

熱ショックタンパク質70

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389
Q

chaperonin

A

シャペロニン

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390
Q

isomerase

A

異性化酵素

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391
Q

prion protein (PrP)

A

プリオンタンパク質

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392
Q

deposits

A

沈着

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393
Q

dietary

A

食餌性（しょくじ）

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394
Q

phosphodiester bond

A

リン酸ジエステル結合

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395
Q

purines

A

プリン誘導体

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396
Q

pyrimidines

A

ピリミジン誘導体

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397
Q

polynucleotide

A

ポリヌクレオチド

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398
Q

coenzyme A

A

コエンザイムA

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399
Q

secondary messenger

A

二次情報伝達物質

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400
Q

double helix

A

二重らせん

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401
Q

complementary

A

相補的

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402
Q

low ionic strength solution

A

低イオン強度溶液

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403
Q

supercoil

A

スーパーコイル

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404
Q

dna topoisomerase

A

DNAトポイソメラーゼ

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405
Q

dna denaturation/melting

A

DNA変性・融解

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406
Q

melting temp

A

融解温度

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407
Q

annealing

A

アニーリング

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408
Q

hybridization

A

ハイブリッド形成

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409
Q

tRNA

A

トランスファーRNA

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410
Q

heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

A

ヘテロ核RNA

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411
Q

enhance breakdown

A

分解の促進

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412
Q

inhibition

A

抑制

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413
Q

ribonuclease

A

リボヌクレアーゼ

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414
Q

deoxyribonuclease

A

デオキシリボヌクレアーゼ

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415
Q

sequentially

A

順次

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416
Q

exonuclease

A

エキソヌクレアーゼ

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417
Q

endonuclease

A

エンドヌクレアーゼ

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418
Q

restriction enzyme

A

制限酵素

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419
Q

transition state

A

遷移状態（せんい）

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420
Q

inactivation

A

失活

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421
Q

high pressure

A

高圧

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422
Q

equilib point

A

平衡点

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423
Q

specificity of action

A

作用特異性

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424
Q

substrate specific

A

基質特異性

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425
Q

ribozyme… RNAs that have the ability to catalyze specific reations.

A

リボザイム

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426
Q

product inhibition

A

生成物阻害

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427
Q

hyperbola

A

双曲線

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428
Q

maximal velocity of action (Vmax)

A

最大速度（Vmax）

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429
Q

optimal pH

A

最適・至適p H

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430
Q

stomach acid

A

胃酸

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431
Q

pepsin

A

ペプシン

432
Q

electrolyte concentration

A

電解質濃度

433
Q

cofactor

A

捕因子

434
Q

apoenzyme

A

アポ酵素。。。捕因子と結合していない不活性状態

435
Q

holoenzyme

A

ホロ酵素。。。捕因子と結合している活性状態

436
Q

metalloenzyme

A

金属酵素

437
Q

hydrolase

A

加水分解酵素

438
Q

lyase

A

リアーぜ・脱離酵素

439
Q

ligase

A

リガーゼ・合成酵素

440
Q

initial velocity of reaction

A

反応初速度

441
Q

unit (U)

A

単位

442
Q

specific activity

A

比活性

443
Q

buffer solution

A

緩衝液

444
Q

active center

A

活性中心

445
Q

induced fit

A

誘導適合

446
Q

multifunctional enzyme

A

多機能酵素

447
Q

bifunctional enzyme

A

二機能酵素

448
Q

enzyme kinetics

A

酵素反応速度論

449
Q

enzyme substrate complex

A

酵素ー基質複合体（ES複合体）

450
Q

Michaelis menten formula v=Vmax[S]/Km+[S]

A

ミカエリス・メンテンの式

451
Q

dissociation constant

A

解離定数

452
Q

zero-order reaction

A

零次反応

453
Q

steady state

A

定常状態

454
Q

reciprocol

A

逆数

455
Q

Lineweaver-Burk equation 1/v=Km/Vmax + 1/[S] + 1/[Vmax]

A

ラインウィーバー・バーク式

456
Q

double reciprocol plot

A

二重逆数プロット

457
Q

inhibitor

A

阻害剤

458
Q

reversible/irreversible inhibitor

A

非・可逆的阻害剤

459
Q

competitive/noncompetitive/uncompetitive inhibition

A

競合・非競合・不競合阻害

460
Q

intercept

A

切片

461
Q

mixed inhibition

A

混合型阻害

462
Q

induction

A

誘導

463
Q

repression

A

抑制

464
Q

rate-limiting enzyme

A

律速酵素

465
Q

regulatory enzyme

A

調節酵素

466
Q

allosteric enzyme

A

アロステリック酵素

467
Q

regulatory site

A

調節部位

468
Q

effector/modulator

A

調節因子

469
Q

positive/negative regulator

A

正の・負の調節因子

470
Q

catalytic subunit

A

触媒サブユニット

471
Q

regulatory subunit

A

調節サブユニット

472
Q

protein kinase

A

プロテインキナーゼ

473
Q

protein phosphatase

A

プロテインホスファターゼ

474
Q

zymogen

A

チモーゲン

475
Q

proenzyme

A

プロ酵素

476
Q

marker enzyme

A

標識酵素

477
Q

isozyme

A

アイソザイム。。。同一個体にあり、同じ反応を触媒するがタンパク質としては異なる酵素群

478
Q

maltate dehydrogenase

A

リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ

479
Q

　glucokinase

A

グルコキナーゼ

480
Q

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

A

乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ

481
Q

enzyme deficiency

A

酵素欠損症

482
Q

fat-/water soluble vitamin

A

脂・水溶性ビタミン

483
Q

hypervitaminosis

A

ビタミン過剰症

484
Q

antioxidative effect

A

抗酸化作用

485
Q

sunlight

A

日照

486
Q

beta-carotene

A

βカロテン

487
Q

retinal, retinol, retinoic acid

A

レチナール、レチノール、レチノイン酸

488
Q

hepatic stellate (Ito) cells

A

伊東細胞

489
Q

retina

A

網膜

490
Q

opsin

A

オプシん

491
Q

rhodopsin

A

ロドプシン

492
Q

night blindness

A

夜盲症

493
Q

rickets

A

くる病

494
Q

parathyroid gland

A

副甲状腺

495
Q

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

副甲状腺ホルモン

496
Q

obsteoblast

A

骨芽細胞

497
Q

calcium homeostasis

A

カルシウム恒常性

498
Q

osteoclast differentiation factor

A

骨破細胞分化因子

499
Q

osteoclast

A

骨破細胞

500
Q

infertility

A

不妊

501
Q

alpha-tocopherol

A

αートコフェロール

502
Q

free radical

A

フリーラジカル

503
Q

functional group

A

官能基

504
Q

radical scavenger

A

ラジカルスキャベンジャー

505
Q

atherosclerosis

A

動脈硬化

506
Q

prothrombin

A

プロトロンビン

507
Q

warfarin

A

ワルファリン

508
Q

anticoagulant

A

抗凝固剤

509
Q

anti-neuritic substance

A

抗神経炎物質

510
Q

thiamin

A

チアミン

511
Q

desensitization

A

知覚鈍麻（どんま）

512
Q

loss of tendon reflex

A

腱反射消失

513
Q

edema

A

浮腫

514
Q

circulatory disorder

A

循環障害

515
Q

lactic acidosis

A

乳酸アシドーシス

516
Q

flavin

A

フラビン

517
Q

riboflavin

A

リボフラビン

518
Q

flavin adenine dinucleotide

A

フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド

519
Q

niacin

A

ナイアシン

520
Q

nicotinic acid

A

ニコチン酸

521
Q

nicotinamide

A

ニコチンアミド

522
Q

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

A

ニコチンアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸

523
Q

hydride

A

ヒドリド

524
Q

dimentia

A

認知症

525
Q

biotin

A

ビオチン

526
Q

carbon fixation reaction

A

炭酸固定反応

527
Q

thiol group (R-S-H)

A

チオール基

528
Q

倦怠感

A

maliase, fatigue.

529
Q

racemism・racemization… state of being optically inactive and separable into 2 other substances of the same chemical composition as the original substance

A

ラセミ化

530
Q

sensitivity

A

感受性

531
Q

folic acid

A

葉酸

532
Q

bifurcated spine

A

二分脊椎（せきつい）

533
Q

neural tube

A

神経管

534
Q

erythroblast

A

赤芽球

535
Q

intrinsic factor

A

内因子

536
Q

ileum

A

回腸

537
Q

congenital

A

先天性

538
Q

acquired

A

後天性

539
Q

scurvy

A

壊血病

540
Q

ascorbic acid

A

アスコルビン酸

541
Q

electron donor1

A

電子供与体

542
Q

vitamin-like active substance

A

ビタミン様作用物質

543
Q

lipoic acid

A

リポリン酸

544
Q

carinitine

A

カルニチン

545
Q

ubiquinone

A

ユビキノン

546
Q

glycine cleavage enzyme

A

グリシン開裂酵素

547
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

流動性モザイクモデル

548
Q

sphingoglycolipid

A

スフィンゴ糖脂質

549
Q

phosphoglyceride

A

グリセロリン糖脂質

550
Q

lateral diffusion

A

側方拡散

551
Q

cytosolic leaflet

A

細胞質側リーフレット

552
Q

exoplasmic leaflet

A

反細胞質側リーフレット

553
Q

fusion

A

癒合（ゆごう）

554
Q

flippase

A

フリッパーぜ

555
Q

integral (transmembrane) protein

A

膜内在性（膜貫通）タンパク質

556
Q

peripheral membrane protein

A

膜表在性タンパク質

557
Q

lipid-anchored protein

A

脂質係留性膜タンパク質

558
Q

G-protein coupled protein

A

Gタンパク質共役型受容体

559
Q

acylation… a chemical process wherein an acyl group is added to a compound or molecule.

A

アシル化

560
Q

prenylation…addition of hydrophobic moleculea or protein or chemical compound.

A

プレニル化

561
Q

glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor

A

グリコシルホスファチジルイノシトールアンカー（GPIアンカー）

562
Q

phagocytosis

A

食作用

563
Q

pinocytosis

A

飲作用

564
Q

coated vesicle

A

被覆小胞

565
Q

simple diffusion

A

単純拡散

566
Q

ATP-powered pump

A

ATP駆動ポンプ

567
Q

potential/concentration gradient

A

電位・濃度勾配

568
Q

primary active transport

A

第一次性能動輸送

569
Q

calmodulin

A

カルモジュリン

570
Q

faciliated transport

A

促進輸送

571
Q

uniporter

A

単一輸送体

572
Q

vasopressin

A

バソプレッシン

573
Q

symporter

A

等方輸送体

574
Q

antiporter

A

対向輸送体

575
Q

cotransport

A

共輸送

576
Q

physical digestion

A

物理的消化

577
Q

mastication

A

咀嚼（そしゃく）

578
Q

stir

A

かく拌（はん）

579
Q

biological digestion

A

生化学的消化

580
Q

circular folds

A

輪状ひだ

581
Q

villi

A

絨毛（じゅうもう）

582
Q

microvilli

A

微絨毛

583
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

塩酸

584
Q

gall bladder

A

胆嚢

585
Q

brush border (membrane)

A

刷子縁（膜）(さっしえん)

586
Q

crypt

A

陰窩 （いんか
）

587
Q

electrolyte

A

電解液

588
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

促進拡散

589
Q

exocytosis

A

開口分泌

590
Q

vagus nerve

A

迷走神経

591
Q

nerve plexus

A

神経叢（そう）

592
Q

eating

A

摂食

593
Q

cephalic phase/gastric phase/intestinal phase

A

頭・胃・腸相

594
Q

efferent

A

遠心性

595
Q

afferent

A

求心性

596
Q

dilution

A

希釈（きしゃく）

597
Q

stomach wall stretch

A

胃壁伸展

598
Q

pepsinogen

A

ペプシノーゲン

599
Q

stomach pyloric gland

A

胃幽門腺（いゆうもんせん）

600
Q

motilin

A

モチリン

601
Q

interdigestive migrating contraction (IMC)

A

空腹期伝播（でんぱ）性収縮

602
Q

segmenting movement

A

分節運動

603
Q

peristalsis

A

蠕動運動（ぜんどう）

604
Q

propagate

A

伝播（でんぱ）

605
Q

brush border enzyme

A

刷子縁酵素

606
Q

bicarbonate

A

炭酸水素

607
Q

chlorine

A

塩素

608
Q

proenzyme

A

プロ酵素

609
Q

cheif cell

A

主細胞

610
Q

enteropeptidase (enterokinase)

A

エンテロペプチダーゼ（エンテロキナーゼ）

611
Q

trypsinogen

A

ﾄリプシノーゲン

612
Q

trypsin

A

トリプシン

613
Q

pancreatic juice

A

膵液

614
Q

endopeptidase

A

エンドぺプチダーゼ

615
Q

exopeptidase

A

エキソペプチダーゼ

616
Q

trypsinogen

A

トリプシノーゲン

617
Q

trypson

A

トリプシン

618
Q

glycosidase

A

グリコシダーゼ

619
Q

sodium-dependent glucose transporter-1 （SGLT1）

A

Na+-依存性グルコース共輸送体１

620
Q

intraluminal digestion

A

管腔内消化

621
Q

emulsification

A

乳化

622
Q

bile acid

A

胆汁酸

623
Q

lipase

A

リパーゼ

624
Q

isomerization

A

異性化

625
Q

lecithin

A

レシチン

626
Q

acyl-CoA synthetase

A

アシルCo Aシンテターゼ

627
Q

portal vein

A

門脈

628
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

膵リパーゼ

629
Q

diesterase

A

ジエステラーぜ

630
Q

nucleotidas

A

ヌクレオチダーゼ

631
Q

aldosterone

A

アルドステロン

632
Q

succinic acid

A

コハク酸

633
Q

heme iron

A

ヘム鉄

634
Q

acetic acid

A

酢酸

635
Q

butyric acid

A

酪酸

636
Q

neutralization action

A

中和作用

637
Q

secretin

A

セクレチン

638
Q

bicarbonate

A

重炭酸塩

639
Q

chyle… a milky fluid containing fat droplets which drains from the lacteals of the small intestine into the lympatic system during digestion

A

乳び （にゅうび）

640
Q

biliary system

A

胆道系

641
Q

bile duct

A

胆道

642
Q

enterohepatic circulation

A

腸肝循環

643
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

糖新生

644
Q

glycogenolysis

A

グリコーゲン分解

645
Q

glycogenesis

A

グリコーゲン合成

646
Q

pentose phosphate pathway

A

ペンとーすリン酸経路

647
Q

hexokinase/glucokinase

A

ヘキソキナーゼ・グルコキナーゼ

648
Q

glucose 6-phosphate

A

グルコース６ーリン酸

649
Q

phosphofructokinase-1

A

ホスホフルクトキナーゼ−１

650
Q

aldolase

A

アルドラーゼ

651
Q

lactate dehydrogenase

A

乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ

652
Q

rate limiting enzyme

A

律速酵素

653
Q

substrate level phosphorylation

A

基質レベルのリン酸化

654
Q

glycuronic acid pathway

A

グルクロン酸経路

655
Q

glycogen synthase

A

グリコーゲンシンターゼ

656
Q

glycogenin

A

グリコゲニン

657
Q

glycogen phosphorylase

A

グリコーゲンホスホリラーゼ

658
Q

phosphorolysis

A

加リン酸分解

659
Q

debranching enzyme

A

脱分岐酵素

660
Q

tricarboxylic acid/citric acid/krebs cycle

A

トリカルボン酸回路・クエン酸回路・クレブス回路

661
Q

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A

ピルビン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ複合体

662
Q

oxidative decarboxylation

A

酸化的脱炭素

663
Q

satisfaction

A

充足

664
Q

pyruvate carboxylase

A

ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ

665
Q

glycogenic amino acid

A

糖原性アミノ酸

666
Q

detour

A

迂回路（うかい）

667
Q

phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase

A

ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼ

668
Q

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

A

フルクトースー１、６ービズホスファターゼ

669
Q

phosphofructokinase-1

A

ホスホフルクトキナーゼ−１（PFK-1）

670
Q

cori cycle/lactic acid cycle1

A

コリ回路・乳酸回路

671
Q

glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

A

グルコース６ーリン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ

672
Q

ribulose 5-phosphate

A

リブロース５ーリン酸

673
Q

ribose 5-phosphate

A

リボース５ーリン酸

674
Q

xylulose 5-phosphate

A

キシルロース５ーリン酸

675
Q

uronic acid pathway

A

ウロン酸経路

676
Q

ketohexokinase

A

ケトヘキソキナーゼ

677
Q

essential fructosuria

A

本態性フルクトース尿症

678
Q

galactosemia

A

ガラクトース血症

679
Q

glycuronate pathway aka uronic acid pathway

A

グルクロン酸経路

680
Q

UDP-glucuronic acid

A

UDPーグルクロン酸

681
Q

sugar nucleotide

A

糖ヌクレオチド

682
Q

hexokinase

A

ヘキソキナーゼ

683
Q

pyrophosphorylase

A

ピロホスホリラーゼ

684
Q

salic acid

A

シアル酸

685
Q

glycosyltransferase

A

グリコシルトランスフェラーゼ(糖転移酵素)

686
Q

dolichol phosphate

A

ドリコールリン酸

687
Q

complex carbohydrate

A

複合糖質

688
Q

glycosidase

A

グルコシダーゼ

689
Q

glycosidic bond

A

グリコシド結合

690
Q

lactose intolerance

A

ラククトース不耐症

691
Q

congenital sucrosuria

A

先天性スクロース不耐症

692
Q

carbohydrate absorption disorder

A

糖質吸収障害

693
Q

mucosal permiation mechanism disorder

A

粘膜透過機構障害

694
Q

congenital sucrosuria

A

先天性スクロース尿症

695
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

溶血性貧血

696
Q

galactosemia

A

ガラクトース血症

697
Q

deficit

A

欠損

698
Q

glycogen storage disease (glycogenosis)

A

糖原病

699
Q

hepatomegaly

A

肥肝大

700
Q

intellectual disability

A

精神発達遅延

701
Q

glycosaminoglycan

A

グリコサミノグリカン

702
Q

triacylglycerol

A

トリアシルグリセロール

703
Q

monoacylglycerol

A

モノアシルグリセロール

704
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

膵リパーゼ

705
Q

acyl-CoA synthase

A

アシルCoAシンターゼ

706
Q

thoracic duct

A

胸管

707
Q

left subclavian vein

A

左鎖骨下静脈

708
Q

serum

A

血清

709
Q

cloudy

A

乳濁

710
Q

half-life

A

半減期

711
Q

lipoprotein lipase (LPL) aka clearing factor

A

リポタンパク質リパーゼ aka クリアリングファクター

712
Q

aortic endothelial cells

A

毛細血管内皮細胞

713
Q

endothelial cells

A

内皮細胞

714
Q

mobilization

A

動員

715
Q

fat droplet

A

脂肪滴

716
Q

white adipose tissue

A

白色脂肪組織

717
Q

lypolysis

A

脂肪分解

718
Q

adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL)

A

脂肪細胞特異的とリアシルグリセロールリパーゼ

719
Q

hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)

A

ホルモン感受性リパーゼ

720
Q

monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL)

A

モノアシルグリセロールリパーゼ

721
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

副腎皮質刺激ホルモン

722
Q

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

A

メラニン細胞刺激ホルモン

723
Q

vasopressin

A

バソプレシン

724
Q

catecholamine

A

カテコールアミン

725
Q

colipase

A

コリパーゼ

726
Q

plasma

A

血漿

727
Q

myocardium

A

心筋

728
Q

skeletal muscle

A

骨格筋

729
Q

albumin

A

アルブミン

730
Q

apolipoprotein B

A

アポリポタンパク質B

731
Q

plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm)

A

細胞膜脂肪酸結合タンパク質

732
Q

protein mediated

A

タンパク質介在型

733
Q

chylomicron remnant

A

キロミクロンレムナント（死骸）

734
Q

LDL receptor-related protein (LRP)

A

LDL受容体関連タンパク質

735
Q

familial hypercholesterolemia

A

家族性高コレステロール血症

736
Q

lysolecithin

A

リソレシチン

737
Q

hepatic triacylglycerol lipase (HTGL)

A

肝性トリアシルグリセロールリパーゼ

738
Q

reverse cholesterol transport

A

コレステロール逆輸送系

739
Q

surplus, excess

A

余剰

740
Q

atherosclerosis

A

動脈硬化

741
Q

cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP)

A

コレステロールエステル転移タンパク質

742
Q

fatty acid binding protein (FABP)

A

脂肪酸結合タンパク質

743
Q

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

A

グリセロール−３ーリン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ

744
Q

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A

ジヒドロキシアセトンリン酸

745
Q

beta-oxidation

A

β酸化

746
Q

acyl-CoA

A

アシルCoA

747
Q

acetyl-CoA

A

アセチルCoA

748
Q

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

A

アシルCoAデヒドロゲナーゼ（脂肪酸ーCoA脱水素酵素）

749
Q

enoyl-CoA hydratase

A

エイノルCoAヒドロキシヒドラたーぜ

750
Q

3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

A

３ーヒドロキシアシルCoAデヒドロゲナーゼ

751
Q

3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase

A

３ーケトアシルCoAチオラーゼ

752
Q

methylene group

A

メチレン基

753
Q

palmitic acid

A

パルミチン酸

754
Q

palmitoyl-CoA

A

パルミトイルCoA

755
Q

propionyl-CoA

A

プロピノイルCoA

756
Q

succinyl-CoA

A

スクシニルCoA

757
Q

古典的

A

classical

758
Q

ketone body

A

ケトン体

759
Q

acetoacetic acid

A

アセト酢酸

760
Q

D-3-hydroxybutyric acid

A

D-3-ヒドロキシ酪酸

761
Q

acetone

A

アセトン

762
Q

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

A

3-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルぐるたるCoA (HMG-CoA)

763
Q

exhalation

A

呼気

764
Q

ketosis

A

ケトン症

765
Q

hyperketonemia

A

ケトン血症

766
Q

ketouria

A

ケトン尿症

767
Q

mammary gland

A

乳腺

768
Q

acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

A

アセチルCoAカルボキシラーゼ

769
Q

malonyl-CoA

A

マロニルCoA

770
Q

biotin

A

ビオチン

771
Q

fatty acid synthase complex

A

脂肪酸合成酵素複合体（脂肪酸シンターゼ系）

772
Q

hydroxybutyryl

A

ヒドロキシブチリル

773
Q

acyl carrier protein (ACP)

A

アシルキャリヤータンパク質

774
Q

malate dehydrogenase

A

リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ

775
Q

palmitoyl hydrase

A

パルミトルヒドラーゼ

776
Q

AMP activated protein Kinase (AMPK)

A

AMP活性化タンパク質キナーゼ

777
Q

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)

A

cAMP依存性タンパク質キナーゼ

778
Q

carbon chain elongation reaction

A

炭素鎖伸長反応

779
Q

fatty acid desaturase (FADS)

A

脂肪酸デサチュラーゼ

780
Q

monooxidase

A

モノオキシダーゼ（酸素添加酵素）

781
Q

cis configuration

A

シス立体配置

782
Q

oleic acid

A

オレイン酸

783
Q

linoleic acid

A

リノール酸

784
Q

alpha-linolenic acid

A

αーリノレン酸

785
Q

essential fatty acid

A

必須脂肪酸

786
Q

glycerophospholipid

A

グリセロリン脂質

787
Q

phospholipase

A

ホスホリパーゼ

788
Q

phosphatidylcholine

A

ホスファチジルコリン

789
Q

phosphatidylethanolamine

A

ホスファチジルエタノールアミン

790
Q

phosphatidylinositol

A

ホスファチジルイノシトール

791
Q

sphingomyelinase

A

スフィンゴミエリナーゼ

792
Q

sphingomyelin

A

スフィンゴミエリン

793
Q

eicosanoid

A

エイコサノイド

794
Q

highly unsaturated FA

A

高度不飽和脂肪酸

795
Q

arachidonic acid

A

アラキドン酸

796
Q

cyclooxygenase (COX)

A

シクロオキシゲナーゼ

797
Q

prostaglandins

A

プロスタグランジン類

798
Q

thromboxane

A

トロンボキサン

799
Q

lipoxygenase

A

リポキシげなーぜ

800
Q

leukotriene

A

ロイコトリエン

801
Q

lipoxin

A

リポキシン

802
Q

arachidonic acid cascade

A

アラキドン酸カスケード

803
Q

oxygenase

A

酸素添加酵素

804
Q

peroxidase

A

ペルオキシダーゼ

805
Q

always expressed

A

常時発現

806
Q

promoter of carcinogens

A

発がんプロモーター

807
Q

induced when necessary

A

要時誘導

808
Q

anti-inflammatory drug

A

抗炎症剤

809
Q

thromboxane

A

トロンボキサン

810
Q

give rise to

A

惹起（じゃっき）

811
Q

prostacyclin

A

プロスタサイクリン

812
Q

vasodilating effect

A

血管拡張作用

813
Q

swelling

A

はれ

814
Q

bronchoconstrictive action

A

気管支収縮作用

815
Q

asthmatic attack

A

気管支喘息発作

816
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

非ステロイド性消炎鎮痛薬

817
Q

cardiolipin

A

カルジオリピン

818
Q

phosphatidic acid

A

ホスファチジン酸

819
Q

ceramide

A

セラミド

820
Q

de novo pathway

A

新生経路

821
Q

sulfuric acid

A

硫酸

822
Q

salvage pathway

A

サルベージ経路

823
Q

HMG-CoA reductase

A

HMG -CoA還元酵素

824
Q

monooxygenase

A

一原子酸素添加酵素

825
Q

cholic acid

A

コール酸

826
Q

chenodeoxycholic acid

A

ケノデオキシコール酸

827
Q

adrenal cortex zona fasciculata

A

副腎皮質束状層

828
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

副腎皮質刺激ホルモン

829
Q

adrenal glomerulosa

A

副腎皮質球状層

830
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

ミネラルコルチコイド

831
Q

leydig cells

A

間質細胞（ライディッヒ細胞）

832
Q

leutenizing hormone

A

黄体形成ホルモン

833
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

卵胞刺激ホルモン

834
Q

placenta

A

胎盤

835
Q

transamination

A

アミノ基転移反応

836
Q

optical rotation

A

旋光度（せんこうど）

837
Q

R and S configuration

A

R（時計回り）,S配置（反時計回り）

838
Q

dissociative

A

解離性

839
Q

atomic group

A

原子団

840
Q

伊東細胞

A

ito cells/hepatic stellate cells

841
Q

cleavage enzyme

A

開裂酵素

842
Q

islets of langerhans

A

ランゲルハンス島

843
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

原尿

844
Q

parietal cells

A

壁細胞

845
Q

pigmentation abnormality

A

色素異常

846
Q

embolism

A

塞栓症（そくせんしょう）

847
Q

stroke

A

脳梗塞（のうこうそく）

848
Q

porphyrin

A

ポルフィリン

849
Q

erythroblast

A

赤芽球

850
Q

immature erythrocyte

A

幼若赤血球

851
Q

Kupffer cells…a phagocytic cell which forms the lining of the sinusoids of the liver and is involved in the breakdown of red blood cells.

A

クッパー細胞

852
Q

reduction potential

A

還元電位

853
Q

half reaction

A

半反応

854
Q

reductant/oxidant

A

還元剤・酸化剤

855
Q

electromotive force（EMF）

A

起電力

856
Q

reducing equivalent

A

還元当量

857
Q

oxidative damage

A

酸化傷害

858
Q

reactive oxygen species (ROS)

A

活性酸素種

859
Q

triplet state

A

三重項状態

860
Q

constancy/homeostasis

A

恒常性

861
Q

thermal insulation

A

保温

862
Q

impact/blow

A

衝撃

863
Q

starvation

A

飢餓

864
Q

condensate

A

縮合体

865
Q

satisfy/adequate

A

充足

866
Q

glucose clearance

A

グルコースクリアランス

867
Q

chronic

A

慢性的

868
Q

complication

A

合併症

869
Q

tumour necrosis factor

A

腫瘍壊死因子

870
Q

insulin resistance

A

インスリン抵抗性

871
Q

ectopic fat

A

異所性脂肪

872
Q

fatty liver

A

脂肪肝

873
Q

mechanism of action

A

作用機序

874
Q

insulin replacement therapy

A

インスリン補充療法

875
Q

pituitary gland

A

脳下垂体

876
Q

hypothalamus

A

視床下部

877
Q

atherosclerosis

A

粥状動脈硬化　（じゅくじょう）

878
Q

myocardial infarction

A

心筋梗塞

879
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

高コレステロール血症

880
Q

macro- and micro minerals

A

多量、微量ミネラル

881
Q

soft tissue

A

軟組織

882
Q

calcitonin

A

カルシトニン

883
Q

anorexia

A

食欲不振

884
Q

manganese

A

マンガン

885
Q

iodine

A

ヨウ素

886
Q

thyroxine

A

チロキシン

887
Q

triiodothyronine

A

トリヨードチロニン

888
Q

selinium

A

セレン

889
Q

trivalent ion

A

３価イオン

890
Q

target organ

A

標的臓器

891
Q

nuclear receptor

A

細胞核受容体

892
Q

diuretic

A

利尿作用

893
Q

glycoprotein hormone

A

糖タンパク質ホルモン

894
Q

diencephalon

A

間脳

895
Q

cognition

A

認識

896
Q

emotion

A

情動

897
Q

growth hormone releasing hormone

A

成長ホルモン放出ホルモン

898
Q

gonadotropin releasing hormone

A

性腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン

899
Q

thyrotropin releasing hormone

A

甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン

900
Q

corticotropin releasing hormone

A

副腎皮質刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン

901
Q

hypophyseal portal system

A

下垂体門脈系

902
Q

anterior lobe of the pituitary

A

下垂体前葉

903
Q

paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

A

室傍核

904
Q

superior optic nucleus

A

視索上核

905
Q

growth hormone

A

成長ホルモン

906
Q

prolactin

A

プロラクチン

907
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

副腎皮質刺激ホルモン

908
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

甲状腺刺激ホルモン

909
Q

leuteinizing hormone

A

黄体形成ホルモン

910
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

卵胞刺激ホルモン

911
Q

iodine

A

ヨード

912
Q

corpus leuteum

A

黄体

913
Q

pineal hormone

A

松果体ホルモン

914
Q

circadian rhythm

A

概日リズム

915
Q

parafolicullar cells (aka C cells)

A

傍濾胞細胞（ぼうろほう）

916
Q

gastrin

A

ガストリン

917
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

コレシストキニン

918
Q

secretin

A

セクレチン

919
Q

pyloric antrum

A

幽門洞

920
Q

gall bladder

A

胆嚢

921
Q

zona glumerolosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

A

球状層、束状層、網状層

922
Q

juxtaglomerular cell

A

傍糸球体細胞

923
Q

female/male gonad

A

女性・男性性腺

924
Q

Granulosa cell

A

顆粒膜細胞

925
Q

implantation

A

着床（ちゃくしょう）

926
Q

atrophy

A

萎縮

927
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

精細管

928
Q

hypotensive action

A

降圧作用

929
Q

helicase

A

ヘリカーゼ

930
Q

topoisomerase

A

トポイソメラーゼ

931
Q

single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB)

A

一本鎖結合タンパク質

932
Q

origin recognition complex

A

複製起点認識複合体

933
Q

primase

A

プラーマーゼ

934
Q

replication fork

A

複製分岐点

935
Q

leading/lagging strand

A

リーディング・ラギング鎖

936
Q

okazaki fragments

A

岡崎断片

937
Q

complementary DNA

A

相補的な一本鎖DNA

938
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

逆転写酵素

939
Q

correction

A

校正

940
Q

nucleotide excision repair

A

ヌクレオチド除去修復

941
Q

operon

A

オペロン

942
Q

terminaator

A

転写終結配列（ターミネーター）

943
Q

nuclear receptor

A

核内受容体

944
Q

alternative splicing

A

選択的スプライシング

945
Q

codon degeneracy。。。
Degeneracy or redundancy of codons is the redundancy of the genetic code, exhibited as the multiplicity of three-base pair codon combinations that specify an amino acid. The degeneracy of the genetic code is what accounts for the existence of synonymous mutations.

A

暗号の縮重

946
Q

initiation codon

A

開始コドン

947
Q

termination codon

A

終止コドン

948
Q

elongation factor

A

延長因子

949
Q

translocation

A

転移

950
Q

release factor

A

遊離因子

951
Q

polysome aka polyribosome

A

ポリソーム

952
Q

processing

A

プロセシング

953
Q

necrosis

A

ネクローシス、壊死

954
Q

disturbance

A

撹乱（かくらん）

955
Q

epigenome control

A

エピゲノム制御

956
Q

electrophilic substance

A

親電子性物質

957
Q

innate immunity

A

自然免疫

958
Q

indigenous bacteria

A

常在細菌

959
Q

pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)

A

病原体関連分子パターン

960
Q

gram-positive/negative bacteria

A

グラム陽性・陰性菌

961
Q

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

A

リポ多糖

962
Q

pattern recognition receptor (PRR)

A

パターン認識受容体

963
Q

humoral/cell-mediated immunity

A

液性・細胞性免疫

964
Q

plasma cell

A

形質細胞

965
Q

immunoglobulin class switching

A

免疫グロブリンクラススイッチ。。。免疫反応で生産される免疫グロブリンの定常領域（Fc領域）が、抗原などの刺激により可変部を変えずにIgMからIgGやIgEなどへと変換することである。

966
Q

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

主要組織適合遺伝子複合体

967
Q

antigen presenting cells (APC)

A

抗原提示細胞

968
Q

anergy

A

アネルギー…免疫不応答状態を指します。 Ｔ細胞が抗原からの刺激に対して活性化せず反応できない状態です。

969
Q

interferon (IFN)

A

インターフェロン

970
Q

interleukin (IL)

A

インターロイキン

971
Q

synonymous

A

同義

972
Q

increase

A

増多

973
Q

T helper type 1/2 (Th1/2) cells

A

１・２型ヘルパーT細胞(Th1/2 細胞)

974
Q

cause

A

惹起

975
Q

autoimmune disease

A

自己免疫疾患

976
Q

immunological tolerance

A

免疫寛容

977
Q

fail, breakdown

A

破綻（はたん）

978
Q

refractory, difficult to cure

A

難治性

979
Q

synovial cells

A

滑膜細胞

980
Q

regulatory T cells (Tregs)

A

制御性T細胞

981
Q

foreign substance

A

外来異物

982
Q

one gene one enzyme hypothesis

A

一遺伝子一酵素説

983
Q

nuclear DNA

A

核DNA

984
Q

mitochondrial DNA

A

ミトコンドリアDNA

985
Q

locus

A

遺伝子座

986
Q

proteome

A

プロテオーム

987
Q

circadian rhythm

A

概日リズム（サーカディアンリズム）

988
Q

angiogenesis

A

血管新生

989
Q

induced pluripotent stem cells

A

誘導多能性幹細胞

990
Q

regenerative medicine

A

再生医療

991
Q

histone acetyltransferase

A

ヒストンアセチル化酵素

992
Q

histone deacetylase

A

ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素

993
Q

epigenetics

A

エピジェネティクス

994
Q

genome imprinting

A

ゲノムインプリンティング…ある遺伝子で、父方由来の遺伝子（アレル）と母方由来の遺伝子（アレル）のうち、一方の発現が選択的に抑制される現象。

995
Q

genetic/hereditary disease

A

遺伝病

996
Q

multifactorial genetic disease

A

多因子型遺伝病

997
Q

schizophrenia

A

統合失調症

998
Q

polymorphic

A

多型

999
Q

point mutation

A

点変異

1000
Q

missense mutation

A

ミスセンス変異

1001
Q

silent mutation

A

サイレント変異

1002
Q

nonsense mutation

A

ナンセンス変異

1003
Q

readthrough mutation

A

読み過ごし変異..本来終始コドンに変異が入りアミノ酸コドンに変化した場合

1004
Q

deletion mutation

A

欠失変異

1005
Q

insertion mutation

A

挿入変異

1006
Q

frameshift mutation

A

フレームシフト変異

1007
Q

palindrome

A

回文構造（パリンドローム）

1008
Q

Sticky end

A

粘着末端

1009
Q

Blunt end

A

平滑末端

1010
Q

Determination method

A

決定法

1011
Q

Dideoxy chain termination method aka sanger method

A

ジデオキシ法　aka サンガー法

1012
Q

Substrate

A

基質

1013
Q

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A

ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応

1014
Q

next generation sequencing (NGS)

A

次世代塩基配列決定法

1015
Q

quantitative comparison

A

定量比較

1016
Q

genome editing

A

ゲノム編集

1017
Q

alteration/modification

A

改変

1018
Q

fibrinogen

A

フィブリノーゲン

1019
Q

coagulation factor

A

凝固因子

1020
Q

hematopoeisis

A

造血

1021
Q

lost

A

喪失

1022
Q

granulocyte

A

顆粒球

1023
Q

myeloid progenitor cells

A

骨髄系前駆細胞

1024
Q

lymphoid progenitor cells

A

リンパ球系前駆細胞

1025
Q

erythroblast

A

赤芽球

1026
Q

erythropoietin

A

エリスロポエチン

1027
Q

granulocytic cells

A

顆粒球系細胞

1028
Q

chemotactic factor

A

走化性因子

1029
Q

concave

A

凹（おう、ぼこ）

1030
Q

disc shape

A

円板状

1031
Q

choline-containing phospholipid

A

コリン含有リン脂質

1032
Q

bivalent iron

A

2価鉄

1033
Q

desorption

A

脱着

1034
Q

deoxy, oxyhemoglobin… Whether it has oxygen or not

A

デオキシ・オキシヘモグロビン

1035
Q

partial pressure

A

分圧

1036
Q

hemostasis

A

止血

1037
Q

von Willebrand factor, vWF

A

フォン・ヴィレブランド因子

1038
Q

clot retraction

A

血餅退縮

1039
Q

fibrin

A

フィブリン

1040
Q

intrinsic/extrinsic coagulation factor

A

内/外因性凝固系

1041
Q

tissue factor (TF)

A

組織因子

1042
Q

plasmin

A

プラすミン

1043
Q

fibrinolysis

A

線維素溶解（線溶）

1044
Q

tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

A

組織型プラスミノーゲン・アクチベーター

1045
Q

serum albumin

A

血清アルブミン

1046
Q

oncotic pressure, colloid osmotic pressure

A

コロイド浸透圧　aka 膠質浸透圧（こうしつしんとうあつ）。。。浸透圧の一種で、動物の循環系において主としてアルブミンの濃度によって生じる血漿や間質液の浸透圧のこと。膠質とはコロイドのことである。

1047
Q

gas exchange

A

ガス交換

1048
Q

bronchi

A

気管支

1049
Q

bronchiole

A

細気管支

1050
Q

oxygen dissociation curve

A

酸素解離曲線

1051
Q

sigmoid

A

S字状

1052
Q

hyperbolic

A

双曲線状

1053
Q

bohr effect

A

ボーア効果…血液内の二酸化炭素量の変化による赤血球内のpHの変化によりヘモグロビンの酸素解離曲線が移動すること。生理学者クリスティアン・ボーア（ニールス・ボーアの父）により発見された。ヘモグロビンの酸素解離曲線がpHの低下や温度上昇などの変化によって右方変移することで末梢で酸素を解離しやすくなり、pHの上昇や温度低下などで左方変移することで結合しやすくなる効果である

1054
Q

bicarbonate ion

A

炭酸水素イオン（HCO3-）

1055
Q

carbohydrate dehydratase

A

炭酸脱水酵素…赤血球に存在する。二酸化炭素から炭酸ができる反応を触媒している。

1056
Q

acid-base balance

A

酸塩基平衡

1057
Q

bicarbonate buffer system

A

重炭酸緩衝系

1058
Q

acidosis

A

アシドーシス

1059
Q

alkalosis

A

アルカローシス

1060
Q

respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

A

呼吸性アシドーシス・アルカローシス

1061
Q

metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

A

代謝性アシドーシス・アルカローシス

1062
Q

compensatory regulation

A

代償性調節作用

1063
Q

surfactant

A

サーファクタント

1064
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

A

アンギオテンシン変換酵素

1065
Q

angiotensinogen

A

アンギオテンシノーゲン

1066
Q

poses something

A

有する

1067
Q

renal artery

A

腎動脈

1068
Q

nephron

A

ネフロン

1069
Q

primitive urine; glomerular filtrate

A

原尿

1070
Q

creatinine

A

クレアチニン

1071
Q

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

糸球体濾過率

1072
Q

ascending/descending limb of Henle’s loop

A

ヘンレ係蹄（けいてい）上/下行脚

1073
Q

collecting duct

A

集合尿細管

1074
Q

afferent/efferent arteriole

A

輸入・輸出細動脈

1075
Q

macula densa

A

緻密斑（ちみつはん)、マクラデンサ

1076
Q

interstitial cells

A

間質細胞

1077
Q

Active vitamin D3

A

活性型ビタミンD３

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