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Spinal Exam 3 > Transition Zones > Flashcards

Transition Zones Flashcards

1
Q

What is/are the characteristics of occipitalization of C1

A

the atlas may be partially or completely fused to the occiput

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2
Q

what is another way of implying occipialization of C1

A

atlas assimilation

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3
Q

what is the incidence of occipitalization of C1

A

.1-.8% incidnece

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4
Q

what do the centers of ossification for the odontoid process first appear

A

during the last trimester in utero

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5
Q

when do the bilateral ossification centers for the odontoid process fuse

A

at or shortly after birth

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6
Q

what joint is formed between the odontoid process and ossification centers and the centrum of C2

A

the subdental synchondrosis

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7
Q

what is the classification of the joint formed between c2 odontoid process and the centrum

A

amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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8
Q

ossification between the odontoid process and centrum joint of C2 first appears at what age

A

4 years old

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9
Q

a joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 is last identified at what age

A

7 years old

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10
Q

What is the name given to the condition in which the joint formed between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 persists beyond age 7

A

os odontoideum

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11
Q

what is the name given to the joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 which is still evident beyond age 7

A

persistent subdental synchondrosis

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12
Q

what is the name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification

A

tip of the dens synchondrosis

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13
Q

what is the classification of the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification

A

amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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14
Q

at what age will the tip of the dens center of ossification appear

A

sometime in early adolescence

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15
Q

based on the age of appearance how is the tip of the dens center of ossification classified

A

secondary center of ossification

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16
Q

at what age will the tip of the dens fuse with the odontoid process

A

before age 12

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17
Q

if the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 23, what is the condition called terminal ossicle

A

terminal ossicle

18
Q

what is a basilar impression

A

persistence of the nonunion of the basilar and condylar parts of the chondrocranium such that the cartilage deforms due to the weight of the brain

19
Q

what what is a basilar invagination

A

the upper cervical spine appears to be invaginated into the skull on x-ray analysis

20
Q

What is the incidence of rib-related changes following dorsalization of C7

A

from one-half to two and one-half percent of the population

21
Q

do patients typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7

A

no, they are typically asymptomatic

22
Q

what is the gender bias suggested in dorsaliation of C7

A

female

23
Q

What alterations in C7 facet orientation may accompany dorsalization

A

the superior articular facet of C7 may change from BUM to that of a typical thoracic BULL the inferior articular facet is unchanged

24
Q

what alteration in C6 facet orientation may accompany dorsalization

A

C6 demonstrates a change in inferior articular facet from FoLD to ForMD superior articular facet is unchanged.

25
Q

what percent of the population may demonstrate thoracic like features at C7

A

up to 46%

26
Q

waht rib-related changes may accompany cervicalization of T1

A

the first rib may decrease in mean relative length or become absent

27
Q

what is the incidence of cervicalization of T1 in the population

A

up to 28% in the population

28
Q

What is the incidence of lumbar ribs in the population

A

over 7% of the population demonstrates lumbar ribs

29
Q

what T12 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsalization

A

the inferior articular facet may change from convex, FoLD to flat, FoRMeD; the superior articular facet is unchanged

30
Q

What is the gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1

A

males are 2 to 3 times more affected

31
Q

what rib related changes may accompany lumbarization of T12

A

a significant shortening of the mean relative length of 113 mm of the twelfth rib or it becomes absent

32
Q

What is the usual way of identifying the number of cervicals, thoracics and lumbar vertebrae during imaging studies

A

identify the vertebrae with ribs- they will be thoracics; those higher are cervicals those lower are lumbars

33
Q

What is characteristic of lumbarization of S1

A

the failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala

34
Q

What is the incidence of sacralization of L5 in the population

A

41-85%

35
Q

Which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine

A

L5

36
Q

What articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5

A

none

37
Q

What is the incidence of bariation within the sacrococcygeal region in the population

A

up to 14%

38
Q

What is characteristic of sacralization of C01

A

the premature fusion of Co1 to the sacrum

39
Q

What is characteristic of coccygealization of S5

A

the separation of S5 from the sacrum and its premature fusion to Co1

40
Q

What forms the spinal accessory nerve innervating the trapezius

A

C1-C5 cord levels contribute to the spinal root of the spinal accessory nerve

41
Q

What forms the thoracodorsal nerve innervating the latissimus dorsi

A

verntral rami from C6-C8

42
Q

Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

Spinal Exam 3 (19 decks)

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