Atlato axial and occipito axial joints

Question 1

WHich atlato axial joint is identified as a synovail pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)

Answer 1

the median atlanto axial joint

Question 2

which atlanto axial joint is identified as a synovail plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Answer 2

the lateral atlanto axial joint

Question 3

what are the names given to the synovail joint spaces of the median atlanto axial joint

Answer 3

the anterior bursa and the posterior bursa

Question 4

what part of the vertical crus ligament may be absent

Answer 4

the inferior crus ligament

Question 5

What is the function of the transverse atlantal ligament

Answer 5

it is the primary stabilizer of the atlanto-axial joint restricting the distance of C2 from the anterior arch of C1

Question 6

What is the ADI

Answer 6

the atlanto dental interspace a radiographic distance between the surfaces of the anterior bursa of the median atlanto axial joint

Question 7

What is the ADI of children compared to adults

Answer 7

about 4.5 mm in children; a range of 2-3 mm or about 2.5 mm in adults

Question 8

What are the attachment sites for the accessory atlanto axial ligament

Answer 8

the base of the odontoid process and vertebral body of axis to the tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament on the lateral mass of C1; a superior continuation may attach on the occipital bone just behind that of the alar ligament

Question 9

What is the homolog of the posterior atlanto axial ligament

Answer 9

the ligamentum flavum

Question 10

what are the degrees of movement facilitated at the atlanto axial joint

Answer 10

about 20 degrees flexion extension

40 degrees one side axial rotation and 5 degrees of lateral bending

Question 11

the occiput C1-C2 joint complex accounts for what percent of all cervical axial rotation

Answer 11

about 60%

Question 12

What ligament attaches to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and the tip of the odontoid process of C2

Answer 12

the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament

Question 13

what is the embryonic derivative of the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament

Answer 13

the notochord

Question 14

What is the function of the alar ligament

Answer 14

together thy function to resist axial rotation

Question 15

what forms the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 15

membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane

Question 16

What are the attachment sites for the superficial layer of the membrana tectoria

Answer 16

posterior part of the inferior epiphyseal rim and vertebral body of C2 to the capsular ligament of the atlanto-occipital joint and cranial dura of the posterior cranial fossa

Question 17

for the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of flexion-extension

Answer 17

about 90 degrees or about 18 degrees/couple

Question 18

for the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side lateral bending

Answer 18

about 50 degrees or about 10 degrees per couple

Question 19

for the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side axial rotation

Answer 19

about 33 degrees or about 6 degrees per couple