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Chemistry > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

1
Q

Define transition element.

A

A d-block element capable of forming at least one stable ion with a partially filled d-subshell.

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2
Q

Give the electron configuration of Chromium from [Ar]

A

[Ar]3d5 4s1

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3
Q

What is the pattern for successive ionisation energies of transision elements?

A

Since the d-orbitals are very close in energy, the successive ionisation energy is low, meaning many ions can be formed with minimal energy.

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4
Q

What type of equation do you use to show precipitation of transition metals?

Therfore, what must you do?

A

Ionic equations, so you must cancel all the spectator ions, and only separate those which are in solution.

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5
Q

Define Ligand

A

A species with a lone pair of electrons which it donates to a central metal ion to form a dative covalent bond.

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6
Q

Define complex ion.

A

A transition metal ion bonded datively to at least one ligand.

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7
Q

Define co-ordination number.

A

The number of dative bonds between the central metal ion and its ligands.

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8
Q

What class of species can we clasify many ligands as and why?

Think organic mechanisms.

A

They are nucleophiles as they have a lone pair which they can donate to an electron deficient area to form a dative bond.

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9
Q

What are the three shapes most commonly found in TM complexes?

A

Octahedral - 90, CN=6

Square Planar (Cis-platin) - 90, CN=4

Tetrahedral (CuCl4) - 109, CN=4

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10
Q

Define denticity

A

The number of donor groups in a single ligand that can bind to the transition metal ion in a co-ordinated complex.

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11
Q

What does a chiral compound do optically?

A

It rotates the plane of polarised light by 90

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12
Q

Name these ligands:

H2O

OH-

NH3

Cl-

CN-

SCN-

H-

F-

A

Aqua

hydroxo

amine

chloro

cyano

thiocynano

hydrido

fluoro

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13
Q

Which name do we use for cations or neutral compounds?

A

Standard metal name, e.g. hexa aqua COPPER

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14
Q

Which name do we use for anions?

A

Cu - cuperate

Fe - Ferrate

Cr - Chromate

Co - Coboltate

Al - Aluminate

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15
Q

What happens when H2O ligands bond to a transition metal ion?

A

They change shape from 104.5 to 107, as a lone pair becomes a bonded pair.

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16
Q

In the reaction of copper ions with ammonia, what is the intermediate step. Why does this form?

A

Cu(OH)2 is the intermediate, because of the amphotericity of NH3

NH3+H2O –> NH4++OH-

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17
Q

What is the colour change whe Cl2(aq) reacts with hexa aqua copper? What is the shape of the product formed?

A

Blue solution –> yellow solution. Equilibrium means green is the final colour change

Tetrahedral shape since Cl- is a large ligand.

18
Q

What is the colour change when Co2+ reacts with Cl-(aq)? What is the shape of the complex?

A

Pink solution –> blue solution

Tetrahedral shape as Cl- is a large ligand.

19
Q

What makes transition metals good catalysts?

A

High surface area and many oxidation states leading to a wide range of possible intermediates.

20
Q

What is the colour change when NaOH reacts with Copper

A

blue solution to pale blue precipitate

21
Q

What is the colour change when NaOH reacts with Cobolt?

A

Pink solution to blue precipitate in colourless solution

22
Q

What is the colour change when NaOH reacts with Fe2+

A

pale green solution to green precipitate

23
Q

What is the colour change when NaOH reacts with Fe3+

A

Pale yellow to brown precipitate

24
Q

Which 3 ligand combinations can lead to optical isomerism?

stereoisomers

A

3 bidentate

2 bidentate +2 monodentate

EDTA

25
Q

What two requirements must be met to have cis-trans isomerism? (shape and ligands)

A

square planar/octahedral

2 ligands different to others.

26
Q

Define ligand substitution

A

One ligand is replaced by another ligand in a transition metal complex.

27
Q

What is the ratio of MnO4 to Fe in a redox titration?

A

1:5

28
Q

What is the colour change when NH3 reacts with Cu

A

A blue precipitate forms which becomes a blue solution on excess NH3

29
Q

The atomic number of iron is 26. What is the electron configuration from [Ar] of Fe2+?

A

[Ar]4s2 3d6

Fe2+ = [Ar]3d6

30
Q

The atomic number of manganese is 25. What is the electron configuration from [Ar] of Mn2+?

A

[Ar]4s2 3d5

2+ = [Ar]3d5

31
Q

What is the shape of [CuCl4]2-

A

Tetrahedral.

32
Q

State 3 properties of Fe2+ that are characteristic of transition metal ion.

A

forms complex ion, coloured compounds formed, catalyst

33
Q

How is oxygen transported in the body?

A

Oxygen bonds to iron transition metal ion, and detached when it reaches its destination.

34
Q

Why does CO cause less oxygen to be transported?

A

Complex ion with CO is more stable with CO than with O, and the Fe-CO bond is stronger than Fe-O bond

35
Q

Draw the structure of 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate

A

.

36
Q

What is the colour change when an iodine - thiosulphate titration reaches the end point without starch

A

Yellow -> colourless

37
Q

What is the colour change when starch is add to iodine-thiosulphate titration?

A

black -> colourless

38
Q

What is the colour change for Fe/MnO4- titration

A

colourless-pink

39
Q

What is the colour change in iodine thiosulphate titration with starch?

A

Black to colourless

40
Q

What is the benefit of adding starch to iodine thiosulphate titration? What does it react with?

A

Clearer colour change from black to colourless than yellow to colourless. Starch goes black in presence of I2 and is colourless in presence of I-

41
Q

What are the three things that are typical reactions of transition metals?

A

precipitation, ligand substitution, redox

Chemistry (16 decks)

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