Key Definitions - RPA

Question 1

Delocalised electrons

Answer 1

electrons which are shared between more than one atom

Question 2

Addition reaction

Answer 2

reaction in which one reactant is added to unsaturated molecule to make saturated molecule

Question 3

Substitution reaction

Answer 3

reaction in which an atom or group is replaced by different atom or group

Question 4

Electrophile

Answer 4

species with a positive charge which is attracted to electron rich centres where it accepts a pair or electrons to form a co-ordinate bond

Question 5

Electrophilic substitution

Answer 5

type of sub.n reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to electron rich centre where it accepts a pair of electrons to form new covalent bond

Question 6

reaction mechanism

Answer 6

series of steps that together make up the overall reaction

Question 7

curly arrow

Answer 7

mechanism symbol used to show movement of electron pair to form covalent bond

Question 8

Functional Group

Answer 8

part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

Question 9

electronegativity

Answer 9

measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons involved in the covalent bond

Question 10

Stem (aliphatics)

Answer 10

longest chain present in an organic molecule

Question 11

Redox reaction

Answer 11

both reduction and oxidation occur

Question 12

Reflux

Answer 12

Technique used to contain volatile compounds by continuously boiling and condensing to ensure the contents does not boil off

Question 13

Nucleophile

Answer 13

atom or group that is attracted to region of low electron density where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Question 14

Hydrolysis

Answer 14

breaking of a bond by reaction with water, catalysed by acid/alkali.

Question 15

Esterification

Answer 15

reaction of alcohol and carboxylic acid to produce ester and water

Question 16

LDL

Answer 16

cholesterol for carrying triglycerides from liver to tissues

Question 17

HDL

Answer 17

remove cholesterol from arteries and transport it to lever

Question 18

Peptide

Answer 18

compound made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 19

Zwitterion

Answer 19

Dipolar ionic form of amino acid formed at isoelelectric point by donating proton from carboxylic acid to amine. No overall charge

Question 20

Isoelectric point

Answer 20

pH at which amino acid exists as zwitterion

Question 21

condensation reaction

Answer 21

two small molecules react to form larger molecule and eliminate smaller molecule

Question 22

Stereoisomers

Answer 22

species with same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 23

chiral carbon

Answer 23

carbon with four different groups attached which can form optical isomers

Question 24

optical isomers

Answer 24

stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images.

Question 25

Repeat unit

Answer 25

smallest structure in polymer that repeats itself n times

Question 26

Biodegradable polymer

Answer 26

breaks down completely into CO2 and H2O

Question 27

degradable polymer

Answer 27

breaks down into smaller fragments when exposed to light, heat, moisture, (or strong acid) :)

Question 28

Pharmacological activity

Answer 28

effects of a drug (good or bad) on living tissue

Question 29

Mobile phase

Answer 29

phase that moves

Question 30

Stationary phase

Answer 30

Phase that does not move

Question 31

Adsorbtion

Answer 31

solid holds molecules as thin film on surface by intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 32

Chromatogram

Answer 32

visible record showing separate components of a mixture

Question 33

Retention time

Answer 33

Time to pass from inlet to detector

Question 34

Shift

Answer 34

scale comparing frequency of absorbtion to that of TMS