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Chemistry > Transition elements > Flashcards

Transition elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What are d-block elements?

A

Elements with electrons in in the d subshell

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2
Q

What order do the 3d and 4s subshells fill in?

A

4s fills first, then 3d

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3
Q

What order do the 3d and 4s subshells empty in?

A

4s empties first, then 3d

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4
Q

What are the exceptions in electron configuration of d block elements?

A

Copper and chromium

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5
Q

What is the electron configuration of copper?

A

[Ar] 4s(1)3d(10)

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6
Q

What is the electron configuration of chromium?

A

[Ar] 4s(1)3d(5)

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7
Q

Why do Cu and Cr have unusual electron configurations?

A

It is more energetically favourable to have a full, or half full, 3d orbital, as the 4s and 3d orbitals are very close in energy level.

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8
Q

Define a transition element.

A

A d-block element that forms at least one ion with an incomplete d subshell.

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9
Q

Why are Zn and Sc not transition elements?

A

Zn only forms Zn 2+ which has a full d subshell

Sc only forms Sc 3+ which had an empty d subshell

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10
Q

Which d block elements are not transition elements?

A

Zinc and scandium

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11
Q

What are the three key properties of transition elements?

A

Various oxidation states
Form coloured compounds
Can act as catalysts

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12
Q

What are complex ions?

A

Ions formed when a central metal ion is bonded via co-ordinate bonds to surrounding ligands.

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13
Q

What are ligands?

A

A molecule that donates an electron pair to a central metal ion to form a co-ordinate bond

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14
Q

What are co-ordinate bonds?

A

Dative covalent bonds between metal ions and ligands in complex ions.

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15
Q

Which metals form square planar complex ions?

A

Platinum, palladium, gold and sometimes nickel.

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16
Q

What colour is [Cu(H2O)6]2+ ?

A

A pale blue solution

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17
Q

What colour is CuSO4?

A

Blue crystals

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18
Q

Give the equation for the dissolution of copper sulphate.

A

CuSO4 (s) + aqua ——> [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + SO4 2- (aq)

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19
Q

What colour is Cu(OH)2 ?

A

Pale blue ppt

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20
Q

What colour is [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ ?

A

Dark blue solution

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21
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of aqueous Cu 2+ with excess aqueous ammonia.

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) —–> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (aq) +4H2O (l)

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22
Q

Give the intermediate for the reaction of aqueous Cu 2+ with dropwise aqueous ammonia.

A

Cu(OH)2 (s)

pale blue ppt

23
Q

What colour is [CuCl4]2- ?

A

Yellow solution

24
Q

Give the ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous Cu 2+ and HCl

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4Cl- (aq) ——> [CuCl4]2- (aq) + 6H20 (l)

25
Q

What colour is aqueous Fe2+?

A

Pale green solution

26
Q

What colour is aqueous Fe3+?

A

Yellow solution

27
Q

What colour is Fe(OH)2?

A

Pale green ppt

28
Q

What colour is Fe(OH)3?

A

Orange ppt

29
Q

What colour is aqueous Cr3+?

A

Violet solution

30
Q

What colour is [Cr(H2O)5SO4]+?

A

Green solution

31
Q

What colour is aqueous Cr2+?

A

Blue solution

32
Q

What colour is [Cr(NH3)6]3+ ?

A

Purple solution

33
Q

What colour is [Cr(OH)6]3- ?

A

Dark green solution

34
Q

What colour is Cr(OH)3 ?

A

Grey-green ppt

35
Q

What colour is Cr2O7 2- ?

A

Orange solution

36
Q

What colour is aqueous Mn2+ ?

A

Pale pink solution

37
Q

What colour is MnO4- ?

A

Purple solution

38
Q

What colour is Mn(OH)2 ?

A

Light brown solution

39
Q

Give the equation of the dissolution of hydrated potassium chromium (III) sulphate.

A

KCr(SO4)2 . 12H20 + aqua ——> [Cr(H2O)6]3+ + K+ + 2SO4 2-

40
Q

Give the equation for the dissolution of chromium (III) sulphate.

A

Cr2(SO4)3 + aqua —–> 2[Cr(H2O)5SO4]+ + SO42-

41
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of aqueous Cr 3+ with excess aqueous ammonia.

A

[Cr(H2O)6]3+ (aq) + 6NH3 (aq) ——-> [Cr(NH3)6]3+ (aq) + 6H2O (l)

42
Q

Give the intermediate for the reaction of aqueous Cr 3+ with dropwise aqueous ammonia.

A

Cr(OH)3 (s)

grey green ppt

43
Q

Give the ionic equation and observations for the reaction between NaOH and aqueous Fe3+

A

Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) ——> Fe(OH)3 (s)

Pale green solution gives green ppt

44
Q

Give the ionic equation and observations for the reaction between NaOH and aqueous Fe2+

A

Fe2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) ——> Fe(OH)2 (s)

Pale yellow solution gives orange ppt

45
Q

Give the ionic equation and observations for the reaction between NaOH and aqueous Mn2+

A

Mn2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) ——> Mn(OH)2 (s)

Pale pink solution gives light brown ppt

46
Q

Give the ionic equations and observations for the reaction between excess NaOH and aqueous Cr3+

A

Cr3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) ——> Cr(OH)3 (s)
Cr(OH)3 (s) + 3OH- ——–> [Cr(OH)6]3- (aq)
Violet solution produces a grey-green ppt which then dissolves to give a dark green solution

47
Q

What is the catalyst for the haber process?

A

Fe(s) - heterogeneous

48
Q

What is the catalyst for the contact process?

A

V2O5(s) - heterogeneous

49
Q

What is the catalyst for the hydrogenation of alkenes?

A

Ni- heterogeneous

50
Q

What is the catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide?

A

MnO2 - heterogeneous

51
Q

What is the catalyst for the reaction between iodate and peroxidisulphate?

A

Fe2+ - homogeneous

52
Q

How can optical isomerism occur in octahedral complex ions?

A

2 bidentate ligands with 2 monodentate ligands
or
3 bidentate ligands

53
Q

How can cis-trans isomerism occur in octahedral complex ions?

A

2 bidentate ligands and 2 monodentate ligands
or
2 of one monodentate ligands and 4 of another

Chemistry (13 decks)

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