Alkenes Flashcards
What is a sigma bond?
A C-C single bond formed by the end-on overlap of p orbitals in a straight line between the bonding atoms.
What is a pi bond?
A second C-C bond formed by the sideways overlap of two p orbitals above and below the plane of the existing sigma bond to create a second shared electron pair.
Describe a C=C double bond
A non-rotational bond formed when a pi bond forms above and below the plane of a sigma bond to give two shared electron pairs.
Give the relative strengths of carbon bonds.
pi bond < sigma bond < double bond
Describe shape of a carbon atom engaged in a single C-C bond
Tetrahedral with a 109.5 degree bond angle, as there are no lone electron pairs.
Describe shape of a carbon atom engaged in a double C=C bond
Trigonal planar with a 120 degree bond angle, as the carbon atom is attached to 3 equally repulsive species.
Describe shape of a carbon atom engaged in a triple CC bond
Linear, with a 180 degree bond angle.
What is a stereo isomer?
A molecule with the same molecular and structural formula, but a different arrangement of atoms in space.
What are the conditions for E/Z isomerism?
Each carbon in part of a non-rotational double bond must be attached to two different species.
What is an E isomer?
A stereo-isomer in which the major groups on the carbon atoms are on opposite sides of the molecule.
What is a Z isomer?
A stereo-isomer in which the major groups on the carbon atom are on the same side of the molecule.
How do you find the major group on a Carbon atom?
Count along the main chain of each group until you find an atom which differs. The atom with the greatest Mr is attached to the major group.
When does cis/ trans isomerism occur?
When two carbons in a non rotational double bond share one carbon group but differ on the other.
What is a cis isomer?
A molecule in which the common groups on each carbon are on the same side of the molecule
What is a trans isomer?
A molecule in which the common groups on each carbon are on opposite sides.