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Chemistry > Acids, esters and polyesters > Flashcards

Acids, esters and polyesters Flashcards

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1
Q

What types of intermolecular forces are present in carboxylic acids?

A

London forces, permanent dipoles and hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

What is the solubility of carboxylic acids in water?

A

High solubility due to hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

What is the name for a salt formed from a carboxylic acid?

A

Carboxylate

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4
Q

What is the test for carboxylic acids?

A

NaCO3

Effervescence as CO2 is released

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5
Q

Carboxylic acid + hydroxide —–>

A

Carboxylate salt + water

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6
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal —–>

A

Carboxylate salt + hydrogen

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7
Q

Carboxylic acid + carbonate —–>

A

Carboxylate salt + water + carbon dioxide

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8
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal oxide —–>

A

Carboxylate salt + water

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9
Q

What is a carboxylic acid derivative?

A

A compound which can be hydrolysed to return the parent carboxylic acid.

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10
Q

What are the three carboxylic acid derivatives?

A

Acyl chlorides
Acid anhydrides
Esters

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11
Q

How is an acyl chloride named?

A

_____ oyl chloride

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12
Q

Give the equation for the formation of an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid.

A

Carboxylic acid + SOCl2 ——> Acyl chloride + SO2 + HCl

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13
Q

Give the equation for the formation of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride.

A

Acyl chloride + H2O ——> Carboxylic acid + HCl

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14
Q

Give 3 methods of preparing esters

A

alcohol + carboxylic acid
acid anhydride + alcohol
acyl chloride + alcohol

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15
Q

Give the equation and conditions for the formation of an ester from an alcohol and carboxylic acid.

A

alcohol + carboxylic acid ester + water
reversible reaction
heat under reflux
conc sulphuric acid catalyst

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16
Q

Give the equation and conditions for the formation of an ester from an alcohol and an acid anhydride.

A

acid anhydride + alcohol —–> ester + carboxylic acid

RTP

17
Q

Give the equation and conditions for the formation of an ester from an alcohol and an acyl chloride.

A

acyl chloride + alcohol ——> ester + hydrochloric acid

RTP

18
Q

Define hydrolysis.

A

A chemical reaction with water that breaks a compound into two compounds, where H+ and OH- are incorporated into the new molecules.

19
Q

Give the equation and conditions for the acid hydrolysis of esters.

A

ester + water alcohol + carboxylic acid
reversible reaction
dilute sulphuric/ hydrochloric acid catalyst
heat under reflux

20
Q

Give the equation and conditions for the alkaline hydrolysis of esters.

A

ester + alkali ——–> carboxylate salt + alcohol

RTP

21
Q

Why does alkaline hydrolysis give a better yield than acid hydroysis?

A

It is a non-reversible reaction, so all of the reactants get converted into products

22
Q

How can a carboxylic acid be restored from its carboxylate salt?

A

By adding a strong acid which donates protons to the carboxylate salt to produce its conjugate base (the carboxylic acid).

23
Q

Which two functional groups must be present in a monomer to form a polyester?

A

alcohol

carboxylic acid

24
Q

Which two combinations of monomers allow polyesters to form?

A

A hydroxy carboxylic acid
OR
A diol with a dicarboxylic acid

25
Q

What is a polyseter?

A

A condensation polymer joined by ester links, which release water molecules when formed.

Chemistry (13 decks)

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