transition defnitions

Question 1

Phoneme

Answer 1

Any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another, for example p, b, d, and t in the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.

Question 2

Accent

Answer 2

The way in which people in a particular area, country, or social group pronounce words.

Question 3

Geographical

Answer 3

Relating to geography, or to the geography of a particular area or place.

Question 4

Amelioration

Answer 4

make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better.

Question 5

Inflection

Answer 5

1) A change in the form of a word (typically the ending) to express a grammatical function or attribute such as tense, mood, person, number, case, and gender.
2) The modulation of intonation or pitch in the voice.

Question 6

Demonstrative

Answer 6

(of a determiner or pronoun) indicating the person or thing referred to (e.g. this, that, those ).

Question 7

Tense

Answer 7

A set of forms taken by a verb to indicate the time (and sometimes also the continuance or completeness) of the action in relation to the time of the utterance.

Question 8

Inference

Answer 8

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

Question 9

Adjacency pairs

Answer 9

In linguistics, an adjacency pair is an example of conversational turn-taking. An adjacency pair is composed of two utterances by two speakers, one after the other. The speaking of the first utterance (the first-pair part, or the first turn) provokes a responding utterance (the second-pair part, or the second turn).

Question 10

Cataphoric reference

Answer 10

Cataphoric reference occurs when a word or phrase refers to something mentioned later in the discourse. Here are some examples of cataphoric reference: Although I phone HER every week, my mother still complains that I don’t keep in touch often enough.

Question 11

Syllable

Answer 11

A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word.

Question 12

Lexis

Answer 12

The total stock of words in a language. The level of language consisting of vocabulary, as opposed to grammar or syntax.

Question 13

Register

Answer 13

In sociolinguistics, a register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or particular communicative situation.

Question 14

Sociolect

Answer 14

The dialect of a particular social class.

Question 15

Active voice

Answer 15

A form or set of forms of a verb in which the subject is typically the person or thing performing the action and which can take a direct object (e.g. she loved him as opposed to the passive form he was loved ).

Question 16

‘Face’

Answer 16

The concept of face refers to how an individual is seen by others.

Question 17

Implicature

Answer 17

The action of implying a meaning beyond the literal sense of what is explicitly stated.

Question 18

Discourse

Answer 18

written or spoken communication or debate

Question 19

Intertextuality

Answer 19

the relationship between texts, especially literary ones.

Question 20

Dialect

Answer 20

a particular form of a language which is specific to a specific region or social group

Question 21

Semantics

Answer 21

the meaning of a word, phrase, or text

Question 22

Neology

Answer 22

the use of a new word or expression or of an established word in a new or different sense

Question 23

Structure

Answer 23

Language Structures refer to sentence-level comprehension of text, including how the arrangement of words within sentences impacts the meaning.

Question 24

Passive voice

Answer 24

It’s the opposite of the active voice. For example “their silly little souls were easily devoured by her” as opposed to “she devoured their souls”.

Question 25

Politeness

Answer 25

Polite means showing regards for others in manners, speech, and behaviour.

Question 26

Deixis

Answer 26

Deixis refers to a word or phrase that shows the time, place or situation a speaker is in when talking. eg ““I” wish “YOU” had been “HERE” “YESTERDAY””

Question 27

Cohesion

Answer 27

Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning. It is related to the broader concept of coherence.

Question 28

Graphology

Answer 28

The study of handwriting, esp. as a clue to character, aptitudes, etc.

Question 29

Articulation

Answer 29

The formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech.

Question 30

Pragmatics

Answer 30

In linguistics and related fields, pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to meaning.

Question 31

Pejoration

Answer 31

The act or process of becoming worse; worsening or degeneration. (linguistics) The process by which a word acquires a more negative meaning over time.

Question 32

Grammar

Answer 32

The whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics.

Question 33

Exclamative

Answer 33

a word or sentence that denotes an exclamation

Question 34

Sentence function

Answer 34

A sentence function refers to a speaker’s purpose in uttering a specific sentence, phrase, or clause.

Question 35

Ideology

Answer 35

any set of beliefs about languages as they are used in their social worlds

Question 36

Irony

Answer 36

Irony, in its broadest sense, is the juxtaposition of what on the surface appears to be the case and what is actually the case or to be expected; it is an important rhetorical device and literary technique.

Question 37

Anaphoric reference

Answer 37

Anaphoric reference means that a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning. “I met the baby once more, SHE looked particularly evil today.”

Question 38

Phonology

Answer 38

Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages.