Cohesion Flashcards
When you refer back to someone or something that has been previously identified, to avoid repetition. Eg: replacing “the taxi driver” with the pronoun “he”. This can also be done with formulaic sequences such as “the aforementioned”.
Anaphoric Reference
When you refer forward to someone or something that has not yet been identified. eg. “Here he comes, our award-winning host… it’s Hosty McToasty!”
Cataphoric Reference
When, after a more specific mention, words are omitted when the phrase must be repeated.
Eg: “The younger child was very outgoing, the older much more reserved.”
The omitted words from the second clause are “child” and “was”.
Ellipsis
A word is not omitted, as in ellipsis, but is exchanged for another, more general word. For example, “Which ice-cream would you like?” – “I would like the pink one,” where “one” is used instead of repeating “ice-cream.”
Substitution
uses the same word, or synonyms, antonyms, etc. For example, “Which dress are you going to wear?” – “I will wear my green frock,” uses the synonyms “dress” and “frock” for lexical cohesion.
Reiteration
Anaphoric Reference
When you refer back to someone or something that has been previously identified, to avoid repetition. Eg: replacing “the taxi driver” with the pronoun “he”. This can also be done with formulaic sequences such as “the aforementioned”.
Cataphoric Reference
When you refer forward to someone or something that has not yet been identified. eg. “Here he comes, our award-winning host… it’s Hosty McToasty!”
Ellipsis
When, after a more specific mention, words are omitted when the phrase must be repeated.
Eg: “The younger child was very outgoing, the older much more reserved.”
The omitted words from the second clause are “child” and “was”.
Substitution
A word is not omitted, as in ellipsis, but is exchanged for another, more general word. For example, “Which ice-cream would you like?” – “I would like the pink one,” where “one” is used instead of repeating “ice-cream.”
Reiteration
uses the same word, or synonyms, antonyms, etc. For example, “Which dress are you going to wear?” – “I will wear my green frock,” uses the synonyms “dress” and “frock” for lexical cohesion.
Synonymy
Lexical cohesion results from the choice of a lexical item that is in some sense synonymous or nearly synonymous with a preceding one;
E.g. sound with noise, cavalary with horses
Antonymy
Think Binary Opposition. Lexical cohesion results from the choice of a lexical item that is in some sense antonymous with a preceding one.
Eg: Health + Sickness
Lexical cohesion results from the choice of a lexical item that is in some sense synonymous or nearly synonymous with a preceding one;
E.g. sound with noise, cavalary with horses
Synonymy
Think Binary Opposition. Lexical cohesion results from the choice of a lexical item that is in some sense antonymous with a preceding one.
Eg: Health + Sickness
Antonymy
