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Lymphoreticular and Haemopoietic > Transfusion Therapy > Flashcards

Transfusion Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the ideal canine blood donor…

A 
Friendly
Clinically healthy
Large breed
Easily accessible veins
1.5-5YO
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2
Q

Outline the ideal feline blood donor….

A 
Friendly 
Clinically healthy
Large >4.5kg
1.5-8YO
Indoor
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3
Q

What substrates can be transfused?

A 
Whole blood
Packed RBCs
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Cryosupernatent
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4
Q

What are the advantages of transfusing whole blood?

A

Can bleed donor on demand

No separating or storage facilities required

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5
Q

When is a whole blood transfusion indicated?

A

Substantial acute haemorrhage

Haemorrhage due to haemostatic disorders

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6
Q

What are the advantages of transfusing blood components?

A

Can acquire multiple products from on donation

Decreases risk of side effects

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7
Q

What are packed RBCs composed of?

A

Centrifuged whole blood
Additive solutions
1-6’C

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8
Q

When is a packed RBC transfusion indicated?

A

Anaemia without hypovolaemia
Anaemia without deficits of other components
Anaemia with risk of volume overload

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9
Q

What does fresh plasma contain high levels of?

A

All clotting factors

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10
Q

How fast does fresh plasma need to be separated from the blood? How long can it be kept frozen?

A

Separated <24HR

Frozen <1Y

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11
Q

When is a fresh plasma transfusion indicated?

A

Coagulopathies
Pancreatitis
Acts as am IG source
To supply albumin

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12
Q

How long can plasma be refrigerated and frozen for after collection?

A

Refrigerated <6W

Frozen <5Y

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13
Q

What does plasma lack compared to fresh plasma?

A

Clotting factors V, VIII and vWF

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14
Q

When is a normal plasma transfusion indicated?

A

Rodenticide toxicity

Haemophilia B

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15
Q

How is cryoprecipitate prepared?

A

Partial thawing and centrifugation of fresh frozen plasma

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16
Q

How long can cryoprecipitate be frozen for?

A

<1Y

17
Q

What is cryoprecipitate enriched in?

A

Clotting factor VIII
vWF
Fibrinogen

18
Q

What can be given to donor prior to taking blood for cryoprecipitate and why?

A

Desmopressin

Causes release of vWF into endothelial cells => blood donation is very enriched

19
Q

What does cryosupernatent contain?

A

Vit K dependent clotting factors
Albumin
Anti-thrombin

20
Q

What is cryosupernatent?

A

The resulting plasma after cryoprecipitate has been removed

21
Q

When is a cryosupernatent transfusion indicated?

A

Rodenticide toxicity
Vit K deficiency
Haemophilia B
Hypoalbuminaemia

22
Q

What elements make up the antigen on the RBC surface?

A

Proteins
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Carbohydrates

23
Q

What are the dog blood groups?

A

DEA 1, 3-7

24
Q

What are the feline blood groups?

A

A
B
AB

25
Q

Which canine blood groups need to be tested for?

A

DEA 1 only:

DEA 1 +ve => universal recipient and donor

DEA 1 -ve => universal donor but can only receive DEA 1-ve blood

26
Q

Which feline blood groups need to be tested for?

A

All 3 in both donor and recipient

27
Q

Outline how blood is administered to a recipient in a transfusion…

A

Dedicated catheter
Appropriate giving set
Slow initial rate
4-6HRS

28
Q

What kind of transfusion reactions can occur?

A

Immunological, non-immunological

Acute, delayed

29
Q

What are the clinical signs of a possible transfusion reaction?

A 
Pyrexia
Tachycardia
Tachy/dyspnoea
Erythema
Urticaria
30
Q

How is a transfusion monitored?

A

Stop transfusion
Check ECG and BP
Symptomatic treatment

31
Q

What treatments can be used to alleviate the clinical signs of a trasnsfusion reaction?

A

Adrenaline and CPR
Anti-histamines
Anti-pyrexics

32
Q

When is cross-matching required in a transfusion?

A

Recipient has been transfused <4days previously
History of transfusion reaction
Transfusion history unknown

33
Q

Outline the minor and major cross matches

A

Major - donor antibodies + recipient plasma

Minor - donor plasma + recipient antibodies (less important as v little plasma donated with packed RBCs)

34
Q

Why should anti-coagulated blood not be administered with fluids containing calcium?

A

Can result in calcium salts or microthrombi formation

35
Q

How much fresh blood equates to 1% PCV?

A

2ml

Lymphoreticular and Haemopoietic (14 decks)

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