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Lymphoreticular and Haemopoietic > FeLV and FIV > Flashcards

FeLV and FIV Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of virus is FeLV?

A

Retrovirus

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2
Q

What are the roles of proteins p27, p15e and gp70 in FeLV?

A

p27 - Basis for diagnostics tests, produced in infected cells, circulates in plasma and excreted in tears and salive

p15e - immunosuppresion

gp70 - defines viral subgroup,, induced anti-viral neutralising antibodies and target for vaccination

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3
Q

What are the possible outcomes of persistent FeLV viraemia?

A

Healthy carrier
Malignancy
Myelosuppression
Immunosuppression

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4
Q

What is the source of FeLV? Where is the virus shed? How long can it survive outside the body?

A

Persistently infected cats

  • Saliva
  • Nasal secretions
  • Faeces
  • Urine
  • Milk

Few hours

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5
Q

How can FeLV be transmitted?

A

Intimate prolonged contact - shared food/water bowls/grooming

Neonates - in utero, nursing

Blood transfusions

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6
Q

What are the possible outcomes of FeLV infections?

A

Persistent viraemia
Transient viraemia
Latent infection
Localised infection

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of FeLV?

A 
Asymptomatic
Inappetence, weight loss, poor coat
Lymphadenopathy 
Pyrexia
Pale mm
Ocular disease
Gingivitis, stomatitis
Diarrhoea
Neuro signs
Abortion
Secondary infections
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8
Q

What are cats with FeLV susceptible to secondary infections?

A

FeLV causes immunosuppression by depleting/interfering with function of lymphocytes and neutrophils

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9
Q

What haematologial disorders can develop secondary to FeLV?

A

Bone marrow suppression => non-regenerative anaemia

Myelodysplasia

Leukaemia

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10
Q

What are FeLV+ cats at risk of developing?

A

Lymphoma - 60x increase

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11
Q

How is FeLV diagnosed?

A 
Immunoassay
Immunofluorescent antibody test
PCR
Viral culture
Antibody tests
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12
Q

What does a +ve antigen test for FeLV indicate? How does this differ from a +ve IFA test?

A

Transient or persistent viraemia

Persistent viraemia only

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13
Q

What does a -ve FeLV test indicate?

A 
Unexposed
Eliminated infection
Early infection
Latent infection
Localised infection
False -ve
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14
Q

What could explains a +ve antigen test but -ve IFA/viral isolation for FeLV?

A 
Early infection
In recovery
False +ve
Detection of incomplete virus
Localised infection
Antigen test more sensitive
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15
Q

If a cat shows disordant FeLV diagnostic results, what actions should be taken?

A
  1. Isolate from other cats
  2. Repeat bloods in 4w
  3. Confirm 2nd test result 8w later
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16
Q

How is FeLV treated?

A 
Supportive care
Treat secondary illness
Confine indoors
Neuter
Good nutrition, parasite/flea prevention, vacc
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17
Q

What increases the risk of FeLV exposure?

A

Outdoor cats

Resides with cats of unknown/FeLV+ status

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18
Q

What kind of virus is FIV? Which cats is it most common in?

A

Retrovirus

Free-roaming, aggressive male cats

19
Q

How can FIV be transmitted?

A

Bite wounds
Transplacental, milk
Sexual
Sharing food bowls

20
Q

What are the main 3 phases of FIV pathogenesis? How long do they each last?

A
  1. Acute - Days-weeks
  2. Asymptomatic carrier <10year
  3. Terminal - Weeks to months
21
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute phase FIV infection?

A 
Transient mild illness
Pyrexia
Lethargy
Diarrhoea
Lymphadenopathy
22
Q

What are cats in terminal/AIDS phase of FIV very susceptible too?

A

Viral/bacterial infections
Neurological disease
Neoplasia

23
Q

What are the most common clinical signs of FIV?

A 
Stomatitis
Neoplasia - lymphoma/SCC
Occular inflammation
Anaemia, leukopenia
Opportunistic infections
Renal insufficiency
24
Q

What are the signs of FIV on diagnostic results?

A 
Neutropenia
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Normal biochemistry
\+ve FIV test
25
Q

How is FIV diagnosed?

A 
Antibody test
IFA
Western blot
PCR 
Viral isolation
26
Q

What does a +ve FIV result indicate?

A 
Persistent infection
Need to test kittens >6m of a +ve queen
Re-test kittsens <6m every 60d of +ve queen
False +ve
Weak +ve => repeat
27
Q

What does a -ve FIV result indicate?

A

Not infected
False negative
Immunosuppresion of cat
Early infection

28
Q

What should be done if you suspect a cat has FIV but screening tests are -ve?

A

Retest

PCR

29
Q

How is FIV treated?

A

Supportive car

Zidovudine (anti-viral)

30
Q

How can FIV be prevented?

A 
Prevent exposure
Disinfect environment
Do not breed +ve queen
Hand rear +ve queen kittens
Vaccination (USA)
31
Q

Which subgroup of FeLV is present in almost all infected cats but is the least pathogenic?

A

Subgroup A

32
Q

Which subgroup of FeLV is transmitted cat-to-cat?

A

A

33
Q

Which subgroup of FeLV is oncogenic? Which causes non-regenerative anaemia?

A

B is oncogenic

C causes non-regenerative anaemia

34
Q

Define:

  1. Persistent viraemia
  2. Transient viraemia
  3. Latent infection
  4. Localised infection
A
  1. No neutralising antibodies produced leading to development of associated disease, neoplastic and non-neoplastic
  2. Virus completely eliminated
  3. Virus persists in some tissues but no viral replication - undetectable
  4. Viral infection present in only certain tissues
35
Q

What factors affect the outcome of an FeLV infection?

A 
Age of cat
Viral factors
Other infectious disease
Vaccination
Glucocorticoid administration
36
Q

What is FOCMA?

A

Feline oncoronavirus cell membrane antigen - present on membrane of malignant cells ONLY

37
Q

Give 4 examples of immune-mediated disease that can develop secondary to FeLV…

A

IMHA
Glomerulonephritis
Uveitis
Polyarthritis

38
Q

Give 3 examples of reproductive disease that can develop secondary to FeLV…

A

Infertility
Abortion
Transmission to kittens

39
Q

Give 2 examples of skeletal abnormalities that can develop secondary to FeLV…

A

Osteochondromatosis - benign proliferative disease

Chronic progressive polyarthritis

40
Q

Which FeLV viral antigen is detected by ELISA screening tests?

A

p27

41
Q

Why is FeLV testing unaffected by vaccination or maternal transmission of antibodies?

A

Test detects the viral antigen NOT the antibody

42
Q

How can FeLV be prevented?

A 
Keep cats indoors
Introduce infection-free cats into household
House infected cats separately
Vaccination
Use disinfectants and detergents
Test blood prior to transfusion
43
Q

Which FIV antibodies are tested for?

A

Against p24

Against gp41

44
Q

What are the three possible fates of FeLV when inside the host?

A
  1. Destruction of infected cells by immune response
  2. Infection +/- virus production
  3. Transformation to neoplastic cells

Lymphoreticular and Haemopoietic (14 decks)

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