Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lymphoreticular and Haemopoietic > Small Animal Anaemia > Flashcards

Small Animal Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of anaemia?

A 
None if mild
Lethargy
Anorexia
Collapse
Pale mm
Increased HR
Increased RR
Heart murmur
Hyperdynamic pulse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the causes of pale mms?

A

Anaemia

Poor peripheral perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can you differentiate anaemia from poor peripheral perfusion being the cause of pale mms?

A

CRT <2s => anaemia
>2s => poor perfusion

Strong pulses => anaemia
Weak pulses => hypovolaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What needs to be asked in a anaemic patient history?

A 
Lifestyle
Stable or deteriorating signs
Site of bleed identified
Drugs/toxins
Travel history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should be examined on PE of an anaemic patient?

A 
Stable
HR, RR, demeanour
Icterus
Concurrent disease
Pleural and peritoneal spaces
Masses/pain
Rectal (melena)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does a concurrent decrease in total protein and RBC indicate?

A

Haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a concurrent increase in total protein/nitrates indicate?

A

Haemolysis

Non-regenerative anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is regenerative and non-regenerative anaemia diagnosed?

A

Reticulocyte count

Blood smear evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are causes of regenerative anaemia?

A

Haemorrhage

Haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 4 examples of internal haemorrhages that cause regenerative anaemia…

A

Spleen haemorrhage
Thoracic haemorrhage
Trauma
Amyloidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give 4 examples of external haemorrhages that cause regenerative anaemia…

A

Epistaxis
GIT bleeding
Severe parasitic infection
Urinary tract bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What further diagnostics should be considered after diagnosing haemorrhage?

A 
Coagulation profile
Platelet count
Faecal lungworm
ACTH stim test
Search of body cavities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is haemolysis differentiated from haemorrhage?

A

Normal TP

Evidence of underlying cause on blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which Ig are mainly responsible for intra and extravascular haemolysis?

A

Intravascular - IgM

Extravascular - IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is haemolysis diagnosed?

A

Autoagglutination test
Coomb’s test
Haemoglobinuria
Bilirubinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can cause haemolytic anaemia?

A

Immune mediated
Inherited
Infectious
Miscellaneous

17
Q

Give two examples of inherited haemolytic anaemias…

A

Pyruvatkinase (PK) deficiency

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency

18
Q

What breeds are predisposed to IMHA?

A

Cocker and springer spaniels

19
Q

How is IMHA diagnosed?

A

Regenerative anaemia with no haemorrhage
Signs of haemolysis - icterus, autoagglutation, spherocytes, ghost cells
Underlying disease

20
Q

How is IMHA treated in dogs?

A 
IVFT, blood transfusion
Immunosuppressive therapy
Aspirin, clopidogrel
Gastroprotectants
Nursing care
21
Q

Give 4 examples of immunsuppresive drugs used to treat IMHA in dogs…

A

Prednisolone
Azathioprine
Cyclosporine
Chlorambucil

22
Q

Which immunosuppressive drug is never used in cats?

A

Azathioprine

23
Q

What is the prognosis of IMHA in dogs?

A

Guarded

24
Q

Give 2 examples of infectious causes of haemolysis..

A

Babesia canis

Mycoplasma spp.

25
Q

Why can any infection cause secondary IMHA?

A

Any kind of infectious will trigger the immune system and could end up triggering IMHA

26
Q

Give 3 miscellaneous causes of haemolysis…

A

Oxidative damage - onions, paracetamol

Hypophosphatamia, DKA

Shear injury

27
Q

What causes schistocytes?

A

Shear injury

28
Q

What are the causes of non-regenerative anaemia?

A 
Chronic disease
Renal disease
FeLV
Miscellaneous
Bone marrow disease
29
Q

What is the most common cause of mild-moderate anaemia?

A

Chronic disease

30
Q

How does chronic disease cause anaemia?

A

Poor iron storage
Shortened RBC survival
Impaired RBC production

31
Q

How does renal disease cause anaemia?

A

Inadequate EPO production
Decreased RBC life span
Decreased marrow response to EPO
Haemorrhage from ureamic ulcers

32
Q

What diagnostic test should always be carried out on anaemic cats?

A

FeLV

33
Q

Give 3 examples of miscellaneous causes of non-regenerative anaemia…

A

Nutrient deficiency e.g. Fe, Cu
Endocrine disease
Liver disease

34
Q

Give 5 types of bone marrow disease that can cause non-regenerative anaemia…

A 
Pure RBC aplasia
Aplastic anaemia
Neoplasia
Myelodysplasia
Myelofibrosis
35
Q

Where can bone marrow be sampled from?

A

Iliac crest
Humerus
Femur in cats

36
Q

How is a bone marrow sample taken?

A
  1. Sedation, LA or GA
  2. Clip and aseptically prepare the area
  3. Take aspirate and make smear or take core and place in formalin
37
Q

How is bone marrow disease treated?

A

Immunosuppressive drugs
Treat neoplastic condition
Supportive treatment - blood transfusions

Lymphoreticular and Haemopoietic (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions