Transfusion reactions Flashcards
Which of the following reactions to a blood transfusion is most common?
1 - bacterial contamination
2 - delayed haemolytic reaction
3 - non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction
4 - transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO)
5 - Anaphylaxis
3 - non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction
Non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction is the most common reaction following a blood transfusion. Which of the following typically does NOT occur during this type of reaction?
1 - fever
2 - jaundice
3 - shivering
4 - headache
2 - jaundice
Patient is typically hot but is generally well
Non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction is the most common reaction following a blood transfusion. How long following the initiation of the blood transfusion does this reaction typically take to occur?
1 - immediately
2 - 0-15 minutes
3 - 30-60 minutes
4 - 4-8 days
3 - 30-60 minutes
Non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction is the most common reaction following a blood transfusion. Which of the following should NOT be performed in this patient?
1 - immediately stop the transfusion
2 - slow the transfusion
3 - give paracetamol
4 - ABCDE assessment
1 - immediately stop the transfusion
This may be performed, but typically slowing the transfusion is enough
An acute haemolytic reaction, also referred to as ABO incompatibility is when a patient is given the wrong blood and anti A or B antibodies activate the complement pathway, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. How long does this typically take to occur?
1 - 0-5 minutes
2 - 15-30 minutes
3 - 30-60 minutes
4 - 24-48 hours
1 - 0-5 minutes
Typically within a few minutes
An acute haemolytic reaction, also referred to as ABO incompatibility is when a patient is given the wrong blood and anti A or B antibodies activate the complement pathway, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Which of the following is NOT an acute/early presenting symptoms?
1 - hypertension
2 - fever
3 - anxiety
4 - erythroderma
1 - hypertension
Typically causes hypotension and the patient is sick and unwell, similar to sepsis
An acute haemolytic reaction, also referred to as ABO incompatibility is when a patient is given the wrong blood and anti A or B antibodies activate the complement pathway, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Which of the following is NOT a late presenting symptoms?
1 - hypotension
2 - systemic haemorrhage
3 - hypothermia
4 - DIC
3 - hypothermia
Patient is sick and unwell, similar to sepsis
An acute haemolytic reaction, also referred to as ABO incompatibility is when a patient is given the wrong blood and anti A or B antibodies activate the complement pathway, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Which of the following is part of the management for this type of reaction?
1 - stop the transfusion immediately
2 - ABCDE assessment
3 - fluid resuscitation
4 - check blood products and confirm diagnosis
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
When checking the diagnosis, need to do:
- check the identity of patient and confirm it matches name on blood products
- send blood for direct Coombs test
- repeat typing and cross-matching
Bacterial contamination is the most common form of blood product contamination. Which of the following is NOT an acute/early presenting symptoms?
1 - hypertension
2 - fever
3 - anxiety
4 - erythroderma
1 - hypertension
Typically causes hypotension and the patient is sick and unwell, similar to sepsis
Bacterial contamination is the most common form of blood product contamination. Which of the following is part of the management for this type of reaction?
1 - stop the transfusion immediately
2 - ABCDE assessment
3 - treat as sepsis
4 - check blood products and confirm diagnosis
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
A delayed transfusion reactions are those that occur after the transfusion has been administered. When do these typically occur?
1 - 24-48 hours
2 - 24 hours to 8 days
3 - 12 hours to 8 weeks
4 - 72 hours to 4 weeks
2 - 24 hours to 8 days
Typically occur after 24h, but can occur weeks after transfusion
A delayed transfusion reactions are those that occur after 24 hours to 8 days of the transfusion being administered. These can be due to all of the following, EXCEPT which one?
1 - Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR)
2 - Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR)
3 - Post-transfusion purpura (PTP)
4 - Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)
5 - Graft versus host disease (GvHD)
4 - Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)
A delayed transfusion reactions are those that occur after 24 hours to 8 days of the transfusion being administered. Which of the following are is NOT a presentation of patients with this type of reaction?
1 - anaemia
2 - sepsis
3 - jaundice
4 - haemoglobinuria
2 - sepsis
Haemoglobinuria
- high concentrations of haemoglobin present in urine
A delayed transfusion reactions are those that occur after 24 hours to 8 days of the transfusion being administered. Which of the following is NOT a management option for this type of reaction?
1 - monitor renal function
2 - ABCDE assessment and monitoring
3 - investigation to confirm diagnosis
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
Specific treatment is not normally required
A transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema thought to be secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in donated blood. Patients typically present with all of the following, EXCEPT which one?
1 - dysponea
2 - cough
3 - hyper inflated chest X-ray
4 - acute respiratory distress syndrome
3 - hyper inflated chest X-ray
Typically causes a white out
A transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema thought to be secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in donated blood. How long does it typically take for a TRALI reaction to typically occur?
1 - 0-15 minutes
2 - 30-60 minutes
3 - 2-6 hours
4 - 6-12 hours
3 - 2-6 hours
Generally less than 2 hours
A transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema thought to be secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in donated blood. Which of the following is NOT a management option for this type of reaction?
1 - slow transfusion
2 - ABCDE assessment
3 - ICU involvement
4 - supportive care
1 - slow transfusion
Stop transfusion immediately if ongoing
A transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is when the patient t is given an excessive rate of transfusion in poor heart function of pre-existing heart failure patients. Patients typically present with all of the following, EXCEPT which one?
1 - dysponea
2 - hypoxaemia
3 - bradycardia
4 - increased JVP
5 - ling base crepitations
3 - bradycardia
Causes tachycardia as heart aims to maintain output with excessive load
A transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is when the patient t is given an excessive rate of transfusion in poor heart function of pre-existing heart failure patients. Which of the following is NOT a management option for this type of reaction?
1 - slow transfusion
2 - ABCDE assessment
3 - furosemide
4 - oxygen
1 - slow transfusion
Stop transfusion immediately if ongoing
An anaphylactic reaction occurs when the recipient is allergic to protein components present in the donor transfusion. How do patients typically react?
1 - itchy rash with angioedema
2 - dyspnoea
3 - vomiting
4 - lightheadedness
5 - hypotension.
6 - all of the above
6 - all of the above
Anaphylaxis typically develops over minutes to hours and can quickly become life-threatening.
An anaphylactic reaction occurs when the recipient is allergic to protein components present in the donor transfusion. All of the following are used in the management of anaphylaxis, EXCEPT which one?
1 - stop transfusion
2 - lie patient in supine position and raise legs
3 - give IM adrenaline
4 - give oxygen and monitor patient
5 - give salbutamol
6 - IV fluid bolus if unresponsive and further IM adrenaline after 5 minutes
5 - give salbutamol
A minor allergic reaction can occur following a blood transfusion and is thought to be due to foreign plasma proteins. Does the transfusion always need to be stopped?
- No
Can slow or stop transfusion, depending on the severity.
A minor allergic reaction can occur following a blood transfusion and is thought to be due to foreign plasma proteins. These patients are typically monitored and present with urticaria. Which of the following medications are they typically given?
1 - Chlorphenamine
2 - Chloramphenicol
3 - Chlorpromazine
4 - any of the above
1 - Chlorphenamine
