Allergy - Food Flashcards

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1
Q

A food allergy is n abnormal immunologic reaction to a food that results in the development of symptoms on exposure to a specific food. Is a food allergy and intolerance the same thing?

A
  • no

Food intolerance involves a difficulty in digesting certain foods or ingredients which causes symptoms such as bloating, diarrhoea, headache

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2
Q

At what age are food allergies most commonly diagnosed?

1 - <1 year
2 - <2 years
3 - <5 years
4 - <10 years

A

2 - <2 years

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3
Q

What is the incidence of food allergies in the developed world?

1 - 3-6%
2 - 10-20%
3 - 25-50%
4 - >75%

A

1 - 3-6%

Accounts for 2 children to die each year in the UK

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4
Q

Are all foods allergies IgE related?

A
  • No

Can be:
- IgE related
- non-IgE related
- mix of IgE and non IgE related

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5
Q

Food allergies can be can be
- IgE related
- non-IgE related
- mix of IgE and non IgE related

Of these which is the most difficult to diagnose?

A
  • non-IgE related
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6
Q

Food allergies can be can be
- IgE related
- non-IgE related
- mix of IgE and non IgE related

Of these which has the most rapid onset and is associated with anaphylaxis?

A
  • IgE related
    Symptoms occur seconds to minutes

In non-IgE related, symptoms may not occur for hours

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7
Q

In IgE related food allergies, which 2 of the following cells are typically involved?

1 - B cells
2 - mast cells
3 - basophils
4 - cytotoxic T cells

A

2 - mast cells
3 - basophils

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8
Q

In non-IgE related food allergies, which 2 of the following cells are typically involved?

1 - B cells
2 - eosinophils
3 - basophils
4 - T cells

A

2 - eosinophils
4 - T cells

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9
Q

In children with food allergies, which of the following are they most likley to also develop?

1 - urticaria
2 - atopic dermatitis
3 - acne vulgaris
4 - rosacea

A

2 - atopic dermatitis

Essentially all are linked with atopy

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10
Q

In IgE related food allergies all of the following occur in the skin, but which is most common?

1 - urticaria
2 - angioedema
3 - uncomfortable skin
4 - all equally common

A

2 - angioedema

Essentially this is swelling of specific body parts

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11
Q

In IgE related food allergies, all of the following occur in the respirator ytract, EXCEPT which one?

1 - irritation
2 - pneumonia
3 - swelling
4 - inspiratory wheeze

A

2 - pneumonia

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12
Q

In IgE related food allergies, all of the following occur in the gastrointestinal tract, EXCEPT which one?

1 - bloody diarrhoea
2 - abdominal pain
3 - abdominal cramping
4 - nausea/vomiting

A

1 - bloody diarrhoea

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13
Q

In IgE related food allergies, anaphylaxis can occur, including all of the following, EXCEPT which one?

1 - vascular collapse
2 - hypertension
3 - cardiac dysrhythmias
4 - death

A

2 - hypertension

  • hypotension occurs
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14
Q

In non-IgE related food allergies, which of the following DO NOT typically occur?

1 - diarrhoea
2 - vomiting an nausea
3 - abdominal pain
4 - jaundice
5 - faltering growth
6 - blood in stools

A

4 - jaundice

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15
Q

What is the most important clinical management of food allergies?

1 - epi-pens
2 - antihistamines
3 - IgE specific antibody test
4 - avoid food triggers/education

A

4 - avoid food triggers/education

Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is a test on blood for specific antigens

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16
Q

In food allergiesm which of the following children would get an Epi-pen?

1 - all children
2 - children whos parents ask for it
3 - children who have had a serious anaphylaxis reaction previously
4 - all of the above

A

3 - children who have had a serious anaphylaxis reaction previously

17
Q

Cows milk allergy is a reproducible immune-mediated allergic response to one or more proteins in cow’s milk. At what age is this typically diagnosed?

1 - <1 month
2 - <12 months
3 - <5 years
4 - <10 years

A

2 - <12 months

18
Q

Cows milk allergy is a reproducible immune-mediated allergic response to one or more proteins in cow’s milk. Is this IgE mediated, Non IgE or mixed?

A
  • Can be all 3
  • IgE = rash
  • non-IgE = chronic symptoms
19
Q

Cows milk allergy is a reproducible immune-mediated allergic response to one or more proteins in cow’s milk. In a young baby, which of the following symptoms may tey present with if they have a cows milk allergy?

1 - rash/eczema
2 - unsettled with feeds
3 - constipation
4 - blood in stool
5 - vomiting
6 - diarrhoea
7 - all of the above

A

7 - all of the above

20
Q

Cows milk allergy is a reproducible immune-mediated allergic response to one or more proteins in cow’s milk. What is the management of this?

1 - stop cows milk formula
2 - all must switch to breast feeds
3 - slowly increase amount of cows milk in feeds
4 - move to pureed solids

A

1 - stop cows milk formula

Diagnosis of exclusion, then work with the dieticians to identify suitable foods

21
Q

All of the following could be differentials for cows milk allergy, but which is most likely?

1 - GORD
2 - pyloric stenosis
3 - ileum atresia
4 - duodenal atresia

A

1 - GORD

Can be hard to distinguish between the 2