Spinal Cord Compression Flashcards
What % of the UK economy will have back pain in their adult life?
1 - 0.6%
2 - 6%
3 - 36%
4 - 60%
4 - 60%
- lifetime prevalence is between 49 - 70%
What age does lower back pain generally pean in the UK?
1 - 21-30 y/o
2 - 30-40 y/o
3 - 41-50 y/o
4 - >55 y/o
3 - 41-50 y/o
Which of the following is NOT a red flag for back pain?
1 - weight gain
2 - fever
3 - persistent pain, even without movement
4 - night pain
5 - history of malignancy
6 - progressive bowel/ neurology dysfunction (saddle anaesthesia. bowel bladder issues)
1 - weight gain
- typically patients lose weight in things that may cause red flags
Where does the spinal cord end and form the conus medularis?
1 - T10
2 - T12
3 - L1
4 - L3
3 - L1
The cauda equina is what the nerves below the end of the spinal cord form. These nerves are important and carry innervation for all of the following EXCEPT:
1 - nerves of GIT
2 - genitals
3 - internal and external anal sphincter
4 - detrusor vesicae
5 - muscles of the leg
6 - reflexes of the knee and ankle
7 - skin sensations of the legs and pelvis
1 - nerves of GIT
Cauda equina is a medical emergancy and can be caused by compression, trauma or damage to the nerves of the cauda equina. All of the following can cause cauda equina, but what is the most common cause of cauda equina?
1 - spinal stenosis
2 - disc herniation
3 - ankylosing spondylitis
4 - spondylolisthesis
5 - trauma
6 - malignancy
2 - disc herniation
- ankylosing spondylitis = disc degeneration and inflammation
- spondylolisthesis = protrusion of vertebral disc
In cauda equina patients can present with all of the following EXCEPT which one?
1 - saddle anesthesia
2 - bladder incontenance
3 - bowel incontenance
4 - increased erectile function
4 - increased sexual function
- generally causes reduced erectile function
When comparing cauda equina and conus medularis, which typically presents with more pain?
- cauda equina
When comparing cauda equina and conus medularis, which typically has radicular pain?
- cauda equina
When comparing cauda equina and conus medularis, which presents with a sudden and bilateral onset?
- conus medularis
- cauda equina is gradual and unilateral
When comparing cauda equina and conus medularis, which presents with flaccid paralysis at the level of the level of the lumbar root?
- cauda equina
- conus medularis has normal motor function, unless S1-S2 are damaged
When comparing cauda equina and conus medularis, which can present with loss of ankle and knee reflexes?
- cauda equina
- conus medularis typically loses just ankle reflex
Dissociation of sensation is when there is loss of sensation in a selective manner. When comparing cauda equina and conus medularis, does dissociation occur in both?
- generally occurs in conus medularis
What is the major difference between cauda equina and conus medularis when comparing them with lesions that occur higher up the spinal cord?
- cauda equina and conus medularis = flaccitiy and areflexic
- higher lesions = spasticity and hyperflexic
In patients with back pain we need to do a FBC and biochemistry. What are we looking for mainly in the FBC?
1 - WBC
2 - RBC
3 - haematocrit
4 - pH
1 - WBC
- raised WBC may suggest infection causing problem