Transformation of American Society 1815-1840 #3

Question 1

Era of Good Feeling

Answer 1

Monroe years

Nationalism

Republican

Debates: nationalism, national bank, internal improvements, public land sales

Question 2

Dartmouth College vs. Woodward 1819

Answer 2

Contracts are sacred

Can’t revoke a charter even though it was made by the king

Question 3

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Answer 3

Maryland tried to tax Baltimore branch of Bank of US

state had no right to control a federal government

Question 4

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Answer 4

interstate commerce could not be regulated by a state

monopoly was voided

Question 5

Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia

Answer 5

• Cherokees saw themselves as an independent republic within Georgia
• SC ruled:
o Denied the Cherokees’ claim to status as a republic within Georgia. Rather, they were a “domestic dependent nation”
o Prolonged occupancy had given the Cherokees a claim to their lands within Georgia

Question 6

**Worcester vs. Georgia

Answer 6

John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it. – Jackson

• John Marshall
• SC ruled:
o The Cherokees are a distinct political community entitled to federal protection from tampering by Georgia

Question 7

James Monroe

Answer 7

Acquisition of Florida

Missouri compromise

Monroe Doctrine

Popular among youth

Washington-like: take different ideologies into his cabinet

Question 8

Cultural Nationalism

Answer 8

Mostly American youth

Don’t care about Europe

Want Westward expansion

Expand public school: Webster

Promote Patriotism

Question 9

Tariff of 1816

Answer 9

First PROTECTIVE tariff

Didn’t want Europe dumping cheaper stuff on America and Americans losing business

Question 10

Henry Clay’s American System

Answer 10

Advance economic growth

protective tariff: promote manufacturing

second bank: credit readily available, currency,

internal improvements (but Monroe veto)

National currency

Question 11

Marshall Court

Answer 11

give more power to federal government

Federalist party ideologies

Question 12

Panic of 1819

Answer 12

Fault of 2nd bank

Tighten credit when people needed to borrow

Euphoric ideologies in West, want more land

West become increasingly anti-government/rich

America can’t be dependent on foreign economies

o Showed how farmers were dependent on distant markets
o Search for better forms of transportation

Question 13

Missouri compromise

Answer 13

population West of Applachians had doubled

36”30 lattitude
Maine-free
Missouri-slave

balance numbers

Question 14

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 14

Europe, keep your hands off of America

Monroe doc and Wash’s Farewell become cornerstones of American foreign policy

Question 15

Corrupt Bargain 1824

Answer 15

Election of 1824

Start of the second two-party system

no candidate had required majority
But Jackson had most votes

House of Reps decide

Clay wanted Adams to win so he would get Sec of State

Adam wins

Question 16

Westward expansion

Answer 16

• New values and customs in the west = “westerners”
• Migrants expected a better like
• More strength of the federal government
• More power to just remove Indians
• Boom in prices of agricultural commodities
• Usually migrated as families
• Clustered near water
• Federal government gave people land to move out west

Question 17

5 civilized tribes

Answer 17

• Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles

Question 18

Agricultural boom after War of 1812

Answer 18

• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin

* “Alabama fever” 1817 – rush for land

Question 19

• Speculators

Answer 19

o Bought land and sold it overpriced

Question 20

• Squatters

Answer 20

Help themselves to western land

Disdaining land speculators

Pressured Congress for the right to purchase at the minimum price land that they had already settled on and improved

Exterted restraining influence on speculators

Question 21

Transportation in the 1820s

Answer 21

Refused federal funds

inter-state highway

State and fed. $$s
States owned different segments

Question 22

Andrew Jackson

Answer 22

Liked by the people
back-country/pioneer/democratic

King Andrew

Spoils system

Native Americans

Question 23

Election of 1828

Answer 23

first “modern” election

no property requirement (reached out to the masses)

written ballot

BBQs

Question 24

Spoils system/rotational office

Answer 24

Jackson

reward supporters w/ gov jobs

Promote government corruption

one man is as good as the next

strengthen two-party system

Jackson had separate Kitchen Cabinet

Question 25

Indian Removal Act 1830

Answer 25

Remove from NE/NY This was best for NAs

Question 26

***Tariff of Abomination

Answer 26

reduced trade w/ Europe

Question 27

Factory system

Answer 27

NE becomes central Water power Good ports

Question 28

NYSE

Answer 28

1811 pass law easier to invest and helpout to start businesses

Question 29

Labor/ Lowell system 1830

Answer 29

Lure of cheap Western lands dormitories Young farm women Paid less Hard to get males as migration hadn't begun Males: Hop on that cheap land Child labor Start of immigrant labor

Question 30

Unions

Answer 30

started from artisans who had their own shops | can't compete with mass-production

Question 31

Urban women

Answer 31

teaching or domestic service Lowell system-- rural

Question 32

Economic opportunities in the 1800s

Answer 32

Wealth gap widens Easier than Europe

Question 33

Social status gaps

Answer 33

everyone rides same RR eats together, dresses similarily self-made man equal opportunity low/middle class begin to vote

Question 34

**Anti-Masonary

Answer 34

* A protest movement against the secrecy and exclusiveness of the Masonic lodges, which had long provided prominent men with fraternal fellowship and exotic rituals * Set off by the disappearance of William Morgan 1826, who had threatened to expose Masonic secrets

Question 35

Third-party politics

Answer 35

anti-masons workingmen previously uninterested in politics

Question 36

Democrats vs. Whigs

Answer 36

change from Monroe's one-party system Demo- Jackson Whigs- Clay

Question 37

Whigs

Answer 37

Hamiltonian/Fedralistic national bank Against immigrants NE/middle-class/urban/protestant

Question 38

Jackson and the National bank

Answer 38

blame panic of 1819 on bank "kill" it by withdrawing all federal funds Thinks it is unconstitutional Only backs the rich

Question 39

Nullification Crisis

Answer 39

Calhoun assert rights of states to nullify federal legislation Really only Supreme Court can do that SC's rebellion against Tariff of Abomination

Question 40

John C Calhoun

Answer 40

BFFs with Jackson Wanted to be president --> get support from South --> south afraid that law to abolish slavery will pass --> Calhoun supported nullification so that South could void law if anti-slavery law came around

Question 41

Specie Circular

Answer 41

Jackson doesn't trust banks Only buy land w. hard currency lead to panic of 1837

Question 42

President Tyler

Answer 42

Whig in name only Just didn't like Jackson Replacement for Harrison who died 1 month in office

Question 43

Eerie canal, RR

Answer 43

partially funded or encouraged by fed. gov. Cheapen freight hakobi

Question 44

internal improvements

Answer 44

steam boats canals expand trade give RR comps massive land telegraphs expand market for product and service orders

Question 45

Samuel Slater

Answer 45

made first factory

Question 46

Lowell Offering

Answer 46

prodded the Lowell strike Cuz of low wages switch to Irish immigrants

Question 47

Southern slavery

Answer 47

couldn't abolish even though slave trade was banned Slavery and cotton were the engines behind American economic growth

Question 48

"John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it" means...

Answer 48

Move the Cherokees West of the Miss River regardless of SC ruling

Question 49

Medicine in the 1840s

Answer 49

No state required licenses or education

Question 50

1830s: crop and land use patterns

Answer 50

Old Northwest boomed with corn and wheat production

Question 51

John Marshall's principles on Indian policy

Answer 51

As tribes, NA could NOT bring suit against fed gov They were a domestic dependent nation Entitled to fed protection NA had a right to their land cuz of prolonged occupancy

Question 52

Population movement from 1790-1840

Answer 52

More inland

Question 53

Eastern residents vs frontier residents

Answer 53

frontier: looser attitude toward private property