Transfer of skills

Question 1

proactive transfer

Answer 1

when a skilled learned previously affects a skill yet to be learned

Question 2

retroactive transfer

Answer 2

when learning a new skill affects a skill previously learned

Question 3

positive transfer

Answer 3

• when the learning of one skills helps the learning of another
• more likely of info processing requirements in practice are similar to the skill
• depends on how well previously learned skills are performed
• e.g. wrist action for squash forehand similar to badminton

Question 4

identical elements theory

Answer 4

more similarity between skills = larger transfer of learning e.g. wrist action for squash forehand similar to badminton
- part of positive transfer

Question 5

negative transfer

Answer 5

• learning of one skill hinders learning of another skill
• rare and temporary
• performer misunderstands movement required
• when a familiar stimulus requires a new response
• coach draws performers attention to the problem

Question 6

example of negative transfer

Answer 6

a squash player takes up tennis may find it difficult to learn to not use their wrists during shots

Question 7

bilateral transfer

Answer 7

• transfer of learning from one limb to another
• motor programme in LTM retrieved - cog aspect
• open loop control: too long to decide every muscle action
• e.g. footballer matching power and accuracy of right foot to the left

Question 8

optimising +ve and limiting -ve transfer

Answer 8

• make practices realistic
• explain similar movement of skills and teach close together
• make sure previous skill learned well
• use +ve reinforcement
• highlight similar info processing/tactics
• teach fundamental skills first, use progressive practices to build
• avoid skills cause confusion if practiced together e.g. hand/headstand