Feedback

Question 1

intrinsic feedback

Answer 1

• info from internal sources
• feel of movement as performed
• detected by proprioceptors
• helps autonomous performers correct movement
• e.g. kinesthesis enables the pole vaulter to adjust during performance

Question 2

extrinsic feedback

Answer 2

• info from outside sources
• involves seeing or hearing
• positive or negative
• used to perform intrinsic feedback
• good for cognitive performers
• e.g. coach giving feedback to novice golfer

Question 3

advantages of intrinsic feedback

Answer 3

• good for autonomous
• kinesthesis
• helps fluency of skill
• allows performer to have more attentional space
• time to think about or focus on peripheral stimuli

Question 4

disadvantages of intrinsic

Answer 4

• less effective at cognitive and associative stages
• can hinder learner if overused
• demotivating at cognitive and associative stage

Question 5

advantages of extrinsic

Answer 5

• good at cognitive and associative stage
• helps understand correct pattern of movement
• teaches the performer to know how to focus on/use intrinsic feedback
• can be a source of positive reinforcement

Question 6

disadvantages of extrinsic feedback

Answer 6

• can become too dependent on extrinsic feedback
• less effective in developing kinesthesis needed to reach the autonomous stage
• if overused, effectiveness as +ve reinforcement lessened

Question 7

positive feedback

Answer 7

• received when the moment is correct
• reinforces actions, good for motivating
• can be intrinsic/extrinsic
• e.g. when correctly controlling the ball in basketball

Question 8

negative feedback

Answer 8

• received when the movement is incorrect or could be improved
• reduces chances of bad habits developing
• e.g. when control of the basketball is lost

Question 9

advantages of positive

Answer 9

• good at cognitive and associative stages
• indicates which part of the skill has been performed correctly
• gives confidence
• imported motivation

Question 10

disadvantages of positive

Answer 10

• less effective at autonomous stages when mistakes need to identified
• ineffective is unspecific or imprecise

Question 11

advantages of negative

Answer 11

• good at the autonomous stage
• can finely tune well learned skills
• helps performer remain at autonomous stage
• motivating for autonomous stage

Question 12

disadvantages of negative

Answer 12

• less effective at cognitive and associative stages
• can hinder learning if overused
• demotivating at cognitive + associative stage

Question 13

knowledge of results

Answer 13

• info about the outcome/results of the movement
• extrinsic, +ve or -ve
• useful at all levels of the skill

Question 14

knowledge of performance

Answer 14

• info about the quality of movement
• can be extrinsic or intrinsic
• informs performer is skill is right or wrong
• important for autonomous performers
• e.g. feeling balance to control technique on pommel horse

Question 15

advantages of knowledge of results

Answer 15

• good at cognitive and associative stages
• allows correction after movement or outcome
• enables skills to be modified
• good for open skills as outcome is measure of success

Question 16

disadvantages of knowledge or results

Answer 16

• not as effective for autonomous
• only after movement completed, corrections cannot be made during performance
• not effective in closed skills as technique is measure of success e.g. how good a vault looks

Question 17

advantages of knowledge of performance

Answer 17

• ideal at autonomous stage
• allows for quick correction
• good for modifying overlearn skills
• very effective in some closed skills as it enables technique to be adjusted

Question 18

disadvantages of knowledge of performance

Answer 18

• less likely at cognitive
• gained through experience so may take a long time to develop
• long process may be demotivating, may present some from reaching autonomous stage