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Ncm 120 > Transcultural Perspectives in Health History and Physical Examination > Flashcards

Transcultural Perspectives in Health History and Physical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of Language in Health Assessment

A
  • Initial Greeting
  • History Taking
  • Explanation of Procedures
  • Follow-up Instructions
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2
Q

Use culturally appropriate greetings and forms of
address

A

Initial Greeting

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3
Q

Employ clear, simple language and avoid medical jargon.

A

History Taking

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4
Q

Provide culturally sensitive descriptions of
examinations and tests.

A

Explanation of Procedures

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5
Q

Ensure instructions are understood within the
patient’s cultural context.

A

Follow-up Instructions

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6
Q

Cultural Variations in Symptom Presentation

A
  • Somatization
  • Pain Expression
  • Illness Narrative
  • Stigma
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7
Q

Some cultures express emotional or psychological
distress through physical symptoms, which can
complicate diagnosis.

A

Somatization

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8
Q

Cultural norms influence how pain is expressed and communicated, affecting pain assessment and management.

A

Pain Expression

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9
Q

The way patients describe their illness and its
perceived causes can vary greatly based on cultural
background.

A

Illness Narrative

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10
Q

Certain conditions may carry more stigma in some cultures, leading to underreporting or delayed seeking of care.

A

Stigma

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11
Q

Non-verbal Communication Across Cultures

A
  • Eye Contact
  • Touch
  • Time Perception
  • Personal Space
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12
Q

Varies in appropriateness
and meaning across
cultures.

A

Eye Contact

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13
Q

Cultural norms dictate
acceptable forms of
physical contact.

A

Touch

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14
Q

Concepts of punctuality
and wait times differ
culturally.

A

Time Perception

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15
Q

Preferred physical
distance varies among
cultural groups.

A

Personal Space

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16
Q

Culturally Sensitive Physical Examination

A
  • Modesty Concerns
  • Gender Preferences
  • Religious Observances
  • Touch Taboos
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17
Q

Respect cultural norms
regarding bodily exposure
during examinations.

A

Modesty Concerns

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18
Q

Accommodate
preferences for same gender healthcare
providers when possible.

A

Gender Preferences

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19
Q

Be aware of religious
practices that may affect
examination timing or
procedures.

A

Religious Observances

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20
Q

Understand cultural
restrictions on touching
certain body parts or
using specific hands.

A

Touch Taboos

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21
Q
  • No meat
    consumption
  • Potential B12
    deficiency
A

Vegetarian Hindu

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22
Q
  • Halal foods, Ramadan fasting
  • Altered medication schedules during Ramadan
A

Muslim

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23
Q
  • Kosher diet
  • Restrictions on certain food combinations
A

Jewish

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24
Q

The term “kosher” means “pure” and the diet is based on a 3,000-year-old set of rules.

A

kosher diet

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25
Q

Family Dynamics and Health Decision-Making

A
  • Individual-Centered
  • Family-Centered
  • Community-Centered
  • Hierarchical
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26
Q

Patient makes
autonomous decisions
about their healthcare.

A

Individual-Centered

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27
Q

Family members actively
participate in health
decisions.

A

Family-Centered

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28
Q

Community leaders or
elders influence health
choices.

A

Community-Centered

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29
Q

Decisions made by family
patriarch or matriarch.

A

Hierarchical

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30
Q

Pain Assessment Across Cultures

A
  • Stoicism
  • Expressiveness
  • Cultural Metaphors
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31
Q

Some cultures value enduring pain
silently, potentially masking severity.

A

Stoicism

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32
Q

Other cultures encourage open expression of pain and discomfort.

A

Expressiveness

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33
Q

Pain descriptions may use culture specific language or metaphors.

A

Cultural Metaphors

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34
Q

Traditional Healing Practices

A
  • Acupuncture
  • Ayurveda
  • Curanderismo
  • Native American Healing
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35
Q

Traditional Chinese
medicine using needle
insertion to balance energy flow.

A

Acupuncture

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36
Q

Indian holistic healing
system focusing on balance of mind, body, and spirit.

A

Ayurveda

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37
Q

Latin American folk healing combining indigenous and
Catholic elements.

A

Curanderismo

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38
Q

Incorporates natural
remedies, spirituality, and
ceremonial practices.

A

Native American Healing

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39
Q

Cultural Aspects of Mental
Health Assessment

A
  • Symptom Presentation
  • Stigma
  • Help-Seeking Behaviors
  • Treatment Preferences
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40
Q

Cultural variations in
expressing mental health
symptoms.

A

Symptom Presentation

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41
Q

Differing levels of stigma
associated with mental
illness across cultures.

A

Stigma

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42
Q

Cultural influences on
willingness to seek
professional mental health care.

A

Help-Seeking Behaviors

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43
Q

Cultural beliefs affecting
acceptance of various
mental health interventions.

A

Treatment Preferences

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44
Q

Culturally Competent Health Education

A
  • Language
  • Imagery
  • Family Involvement
  • Respect
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45
Q

Provide materials in
patient’s preferred language.

A

Language

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46
Q

Use culturally appropriate
and relatable visual aids.

A

Imagery

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47
Q

Include family members in education when culturally appropriate.

A

Family Involvement

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48
Q

Acknowledge and
incorporate traditional
health beliefs.

A

Respect

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49
Q

Challenges in Cross-Cultural Health Assessment

A
  • Language Barriers
  • Cultural Misunderstandings
  • Time Constraints
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50
Q

Miscommunication due to linguistic differences or inadequate interpretation.

A

Language Barriers

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51
Q

Misinterpretation of cultural practices or beliefs leading to
inappropriate care.

A

Cultural Misunderstandings

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52
Q

Insufficient time to fully explore cultural factors in busy healthcare settings.

A

Time Constraints

53
Q

Ethical Considerations in
Transcultural Care

A
  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Justice
  • Non-maleficence
54
Q

Respecting patient’s right
to make decisions based
on cultural values.

A

Autonomy

55
Q

Ensuring cultural
practices do not harm
patient’s health

A

Beneficence

56
Q

Providing equitable care
regardless of cultural
background

A

Justice

57
Q

Avoiding cultural
stereotyping or
discrimination in care
delivery.

A

Non-maleficence

58
Q

Understanding Biocultural Variations

A
  • Biological Factors
  • Cultural Factors
  • Environmental Factors
59
Q

Genetic predispositions and physiological adaptations influence
health outcomes across
populations.

A

Biological Factors

60
Q

Beliefs, practices, and lifestyle choices shape health behaviors and
perceptions of illness.

A

Cultural Factors

61
Q

Geographic location and
socioeconomic conditions impact health risks and access to care

A

Environmental Factors

62
Q
A
63
Q

Genetic Variations Across
Populations

A
  • Allele Frequencies
  • Disease Susceptibility
  • Pharmacogenomics
64
Q

For example, the frequency of the sickle cell gene, which provides resistance to malaria, is
higher in populations of African descent due to historical exposure to this disease. This highlights the influence of geographical location and environmental factors on
genetic variations

A

Allele Frequencies

65
Q

Variations in genes related to lactose metabolism can
influence the prevalence of lactose intolerance, which is more common in East Asian populations compared to Northern European populations.

A

Disease Susceptibility`

66
Q

The response to certain medications, like warfarin, can vary based on genetic
differences in drug metabolizing enzymes. For instance, individuals of Asian descent may require lower doses of warfarin compared to Caucasians due to
variations in the CYP2C9 gene.

A

Pharmacogenomics

67
Q

Integrating Genomics in
Cultural Assessments

A
  • Family History
  • Genetic Testing
  • Interpretation
  • Counseling
68
Q

Collect comprehensive
family health information,
considering cultural factors.

A

Family History

69
Q

Offer culturally sensitive
explanations of genetic
testing options and
implications

A

Genetic Testing

70
Q

Analyze results in context of patient’s ethnic background and cultural beliefs.

A

Interpretation

71
Q

Provide culturally
appropriate genetic
counseling and support.

A

Counseling

72
Q
  • Pain Expression: Verbal, Facial
  • Pain Tolerance: Moderate
A

Western

73
Q

Pain Expression: Stoic, Minimal
Pain Tolerance: High

A

East Asian

74
Q

Pain Expression: Expressive, Vocal
Pain Tolerance: Low

A

Mediterranean

75
Q

Case Study: Hemoglobin A1C

A
  • African Americans
  • Asian Americans
  • Hispanic Americans
76
Q

Higher average HbA1c levels, potentially overestimating
diabetes risk

A

African Americans

77
Q

Lower HbA1c levels at onset of diabetes compared to
other groups.

A

Asian Americans

78
Q

Intermediate HbA1c levels, requiring consideration of
other risk factors

A

Hispanic Americans

79
Q

Cultural Competence in
Laboratory Testing

A
  • Pre-Test Education
  • Sample Collection
  • Result Interpretation
  • Follow-Up Care
80
Q

Provide culturally appropriate
explanations of test purposes
and procedures.

A

Pre-Test Education

81
Q

Consider cultural sensitivities regarding blood draws and
other sampling methods.

A

Sample Collection

82
Q

Use ethnicity-specific
reference ranges when
available and clinically
relevant.

A

Result Interpretation

83
Q

Develop culturally tailored
interventions based on test results

A

Follow-Up Care

84
Q

Ethical Considerations in
Biocultural Health

A
  • Privacy
  • Equity
  • Research
85
Q

Protect genetic information and respect cultural views on data
sharing.

A

Privacy

86
Q

Ensure fair access to genetic testing and personalized medicine
across populations.

A

Equity

87
Q

Conduct inclusive studies that represent diverse populations in
genomic research.

A

Research

88
Q

Major Cultural Belief Systems

A
  • Christianity
  • Islam
  • Hinduism
  • Buddhism
89
Q

Emphasizes faith in Jesus
Christ and the concept of
salvation. Influences views on life, death, and healing

A

Christianity

90
Q

Centers on submission to
Allah. Affects dietary
restrictions, modesty, and
attitudes towards medical
interventions.

A

Islam

91
Q

Belief in karma and
reincarnation. Influences
perception of illness as
spiritual imbalance.

A

Hinduism

92
Q

Focuses on achieving
enlightenment. Promotes
mindfulness and
meditation in healing
practices.

A

Buddhism

93
Q

Indigenous Belief Systems

A
  • Animism
  • Shamanism
  • Totemism
94
Q

Belief in spirits inhabiting
natural objects. Influences reverence for nature in healing practices.

A

Animism

95
Q

Spiritual practitioners act
as intermediaries.
Emphasizes spiritual
causes of illness and
healing

A

Shamanism

96
Q

Kinship with natural phenomena or animals. Affects dietary
practices and cultural identity.

A

Totemism

97
Q

Secular Belief Systems

A
  • Humanism
  • Atheism
  • Agnosticism
98
Q

Emphasizes human potential and scientific reasoning. Promotes
evidence-based medical
practices.

A

Humanism

99
Q

Absence of belief in deities. May influence end-of-life care
decisions

A

Atheism

100
Q

Uncertainty about existence of higher powers. Can affect
patients’ coping mechanisms.

A

Agnosticism

101
Q

Professional Healing Systems

A
  • Western Medicine
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Ayurveda
102
Q

Evidence-based practices. Focuses on diagnosing and treating specific
conditions. Utilizes advanced technology and pharmacology

A

Western Medicine

103
Q

Holistic approach. Emphasizes balance of qi energy. Includes
acupuncture, herbal remedies, and
dietary therapy.

A

Traditional Chinese Medicine

104
Q

Ancient Indian system. Balances mind, body, and spirit. Uses herbal
treatments, yoga, and lifestyle modifications.

A

Ayurveda

105
Q

Folk Healing Systems

A
  • Cultural Transmission
  • Holistic Approach
  • Local Resources
106
Q

Passed down through generations. Often oral
traditions within families or communities.

A

Cultural Transmission

107
Q

Addresses physical, spiritual, and emotional
aspects. Emphasizes balance with nature and
community.

A

Holistic Approach

108
Q

Utilizes indigenous plants and materials. Rituals
and practices specific to local culture.

A

Local Resources

109
Q
  • Scientific,
    evidence-based
  • Formal education
  • Strict licensing
A

Professional
Healing

110
Q
  • Traditional,
    experiential
  • Apprenticeship,
    inheritance
  • Informal,
    community based
A

Folk Healing

111
Q

Non-mainstream practices used alongside or instead of conventional medicine, often focusing on addressing the root cause of illness and promoting well-being

A

Complementary and
Alternative Medicine (CAM)

112
Q

Mind-Body Therapies

A
  • Meditation
  • Yoga
  • Tai Chi
  • Biofeedback
113
Q

Focuses on mindfulness and awareness. Reduces stress and improves mental health.

A

Meditation

114
Q

Combines physical postures with breathing techniques. Enhances flexibility and mental clarity

A

Yoga

115
Q

Gentle martial art form.
Improves balance, reduces anxiety, and promotes overall well-being.

A

Tai Chi

116
Q

Uses technology to control physiological processes. Helps manage pain and stress-related conditions.

A

Biofeedback

117
Q

Biologically Based Practices

A
  • Herbal Medicine
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Special Diets
118
Q

Uses plant-based
remedies. Addresses
various health conditions
based on traditional
knowledge.

A

Herbal Medicine

119
Q

Includes vitamins,
minerals, and probiotics.
Supports overall health
and addresses specific
deficiencies.

A

Dietary Supplements

120
Q

Tailored nutritional approaches. Examples include macrobiotic
and raw food diets.

A

Special Diets

121
Q

Manipulative and Body-Based Methods

A
  • Massage Therapy
  • Acupuncture
  • Chiropractic Care
122
Q

Manipulates soft tissues. Relieves muscle tension and promotes relaxation.

A

Massage Therapy

123
Q

Inserts thin needles into specific points. Balances energy flow and alleviates various conditions.

A

Acupuncture

124
Q

Focuses on spinal manipulation.
Addresses musculoskeletal issues
and improves overall function

A

Chiropractic Care

125
Q

Energy Therapies

A
  • Reiki
  • Therapeutic Touch
  • Magnetic Therapy
126
Q

A Japanese technique for stress reduction where a practitioner channels energy through their
hands to promote healing

A

Reiki

127
Q

Focuses on balancing energy fields. Practitioners use their
hands to detect and manipulate energy imbalances.

A

Therapeutic Touch

128
Q

Uses magnetic fields applied to the body. It is claimed to improve
circulation and reduce pain.

A

Magnetic Therapy

Ncm 120 (6 decks)

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