Historical and Theoretical Foundations Flashcards
a specialized field that focuses on providing
culturally competent and congruent healthcare to individuals from
diverse backgrounds
Transcultural nursing
The Birth of Transcultural Nursing
1950s: Early Observations
1960s: Concept Development
1970s: Theory Formulation
1980s: Global Recognition
Madeleine Leininger, while working as a child psychiatric nurse, notices cultural differences in children’s
behavior and care needs.
1950s: Early Observations
Leininger pursues anthropology studies and begins developing the concept of transcultural nursing
1960s: Concept Development
Leininger publishes her Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality, laying the groundwork for
transcultural nursing practice.
1970s: Theory Formulation
Transcultural nursing gains international recognition as a distinct field of study and practice within nursing.
1980s: Global Recognition
The
Mother of Transcultural
Nursing
Madeleine Leininger
1980s:
Global Recognition
1970s:
Theory Formulation
1960s:
Concept Development
1950s:
Early Observations
academic background of leininger
degrees in nursing and anthropology
Key Contributions of leininger
Developed the Theory of
Culture Care Diversity and
Universality and the Sunrise
Model for cultural
assessment.
Professional Impact
Founded the Transcultural
Nursing Society and
established the Journal of
Transcultural Nursing.
emphasizes the
importance of understanding
cultural similarities and differences
in healthcare practices
Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
posits that
culturally congruent care is essential
for promoting health and well-being
Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
includes seven cultural
and social structure dimensions
Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
seven cultural
and social structure dimensions of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
- technological factors,
- religious and philosophical factors
- kinship and social factors
- cultural values and lifeways
- political and legal factors
- economic factors
- educational factors
Application in Practice
of the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Nurses use this theory to:
- assess cultural factors,
- develop culturally appropriate care plans,
- provide holistic care that
respects and incorporates
patients’ cultural beliefs and practices.
Other Influential Transcultural Nursing Theorists
- Joyce Newman Giger
- Larry Purnell
- Josepha Campinha-Bacote
Developed the Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model
Joyce Newman Giger
Created the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence
Larry Purnell
Introduced the Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services
Josepha Campinha-Bacote
focusing on six cultural phenomena:
communication, space, social
organization, time, environmental
control, and biological variations.
Giger and Davidhizar
Transcultural Assessment Model
which includes 12 domains for assessing cultural attributes in healthcare settings
Purnell Model for Cultural
Competence
emphasizing cultural awareness, knowledge, skill, encounters, and desire
Process of Cultural
Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services
Cultural Competence in Nursing
- Cultural Awareness
- Cultural Knowledge
- Cultural Skill
- Cultural Encounters
- Cultural Desire
Recognizing one’s own cultural biases and prejudices, and
acknowledging the existence of cultural differences.
Cultural Awareness
Seeking and obtaining education about diverse cultural and ethnic groups, including their
health-related beliefs and
practices.
Cultural Knowledge
Developing the ability to
conduct cultural assessments and perform culturally-based physical assessments.
Cultural Skill
Engaging in face-to-face interactions with patients
from diverse cultural backgrounds to refine or
modify existing beliefs.
Cultural Encounters
Cultivating the motivation to want to engage in the
process of becoming culturally aware, knowledgeable, and skillful.
Cultural Desire
The tendency to view one’s own culture as superior and to judge
other cultures by the standards of one’s own
Ethnocentrism
can lead to biased care and misunderstandings between healthcare providers and patients
Ethnocentrism
The principle of understanding and
evaluating a culture on its own terms, without imposing one’s own cultural values
Cultural Relativism
promotes a more open-minded approach to patient care and cultural
practices
Cultural Relativism
Transcultural nursing aims to strike a balance between these concepts,
encouraging nurses to be aware of their own cultural biases while
respecting and accommodating
diverse cultural practices in healthcare settings.
Balancing Act
Globalization and Its Impact on Transcultural Nursing
- Increased Cultural Diversity
- Cross-Cultural Health Issues
- Technology and Communication
- International Nursing Collaborations
Global migration patterns have led to more diverse
patient populations in healthcare settings, necessitating a deeper understanding of various cultures.
Increased Cultural Diversity
The spread of global health challenges, such as
pandemics, has highlighted the need for culturally sensitive approaches to public health interventions.
Cross-Cultural Health Issues
Advancements in technology have facilitated cross cultural communication and access to health
information, influencing patient expectations and care delivery.
Technology and Communication
Increased opportunities for international nursing
exchanges and collaborations have fostered a global
perspective in nursing education and practice.
International Nursing Collaborations
Challenges in Implementing Transcultural Nursing
- Language Barriers
- Time Constraints
- Lack of Resources
- Resistance to Change
Difficulties in communication can lead to misunderstandings, misdiagnoses, and inadequate care. Ensuring access to professional interpreters and translated materials is crucial but often challenging
Language Barriers
Conducting thorough cultural assessments and providing culturally congruent care often requires more time, which
can be challenging in fast-paced healthcare environments.
Time Constraints
Many healthcare institutions lack the necessary resources, including culturally diverse staff, specialized training programs, and culturally appropriate healthcare materials
Lack of Resources
Some healthcare professionals may resist adopting new practices or may hold unconscious biases that hinder the
implementation of culturally competent care.
Resistance to Change
Ethics and Transcultural Nursing
- Ethical Principles
- Cultural Relativism vs. Ethical
Universalism - Informed Consent
Ethical Principles
- autonomy,
- beneficence,
- non-maleficence,
- justice
involves critical reflection on when to accommodate cultural practices and when to intervene for patient safety or well-being
Cultural Relativism vs. Ethical Universalism
Holds that ethical values and human rights are culturally determined and vary across cultures. This view argues that rights are not absolute and are instead informed by social, religious, and cultural contexts
Cultural relativism
Holds that universal ethical principles apply to all individuals regardless of cultural or societal differences. This view supports the idea that certain rights and freedoms are inherent and not subject to change based on locality or culture
Ethical universalism
Nurses must ensure
that patients understand their options and the implications of their
choices within their cultural framework.
Informed Consent
