Transcription Factors Flashcards
metholation and reulation of recptors
it does NOT add a layer of regulation for recptors (but it does for DNA)
growth cone
part of cell that is growing
vast majority of recptor regulation is through
transcription factors (produice many protines)
transcription factors are genes that __
Genes that control other genes via transcription
transcription factors are master regulators of __
control __
involved in __
•Master regulators of development
–Control multiple proteins
–Involved in nearly every developmental step
transcription factors are Proteins that controls transcription by
–Induction
–Repressive
–Can regulate itself
transcription factors control transcription in the ___
Nucleus
but can move out of the nucleus
when tf move out of the nucleus they __
no longer function like tf
How do transcription factors regulate
gene expression
Binding to DNA elements
–Must open up chromatin
•Methylation
•Acetylation
–Transcription factor binding domain (TFBD)
–TATA box
–Start codon sites
–Recruit polymerase
Basic TF drawing
Identify the mechanism for the type of regulation (all inhibitory)
a) prevent pas (positivy acting factor) from binding to DNA via negativy acting factor organizing an incative cromain structure
b) via repress binding to DNA binding site of the actvator
c) formation of non binding protine proine complex (betwen positivly and negativly acting factor)
d) neg. facto act by interactting with pos factor to block activity of its actvation domain - quenching (repress bind to TF and DNA)
e) dirctly inhibiting transctiption (even in absence of pos. factor )
How are transcription factors regulated
- Transcription
- Translation
•Post-translational modification
–Ubiquitination, phosphorylation
•Sub-cellular localization
–Cleavage, nuclear translocation
•Interaction with partners
–activators, repressors
mechaisms by which TFs can be activated by postransaltional changes
a, changes in conformaition, binding to DNA
c. ex, phosporlation
d. cut off inhibiotory part
complexity to transcription factors
- One transcription factor can regulate 100 genes
- A second transcription factor can regulate 100 other genes
- But a second transcription factor can also repress genes from the first TF
Regulatory complexes:
The interaction of multiple TF’s to control numerous genes in a biological process
ChIP-Seq overview
AVM vs PVD
both from mec-3
AVM - light touch
PVD- harsh touch
