Receptors and Ligands

Question 1

Recepor
is __
tramsits __
Can be __
Has __

Answer 1

protein - recieves info and relays it
transmits fino across cell membrane
Can be promiscous or selective
has a ligand actavator

Question 2

Ligand
Is ___
Can be __

Answer 2

Protien, molecule, element that activates or represses a recptor
can be intracellular, extracellular, or on cell surface
Can be promiscous or selective

Question 3

when do recptors and ligans function (in devolopment)

Answer 3

all stages of life cell cell communication
during devolopment and diease

Question 4

why use receptor/ligans signaling

Answer 4

1. ideal way to transmit extracellular info
2. low energy requirement
3. adds a layer or regulation to signaling (cross recpetor signaling, dimers, trimers, heteomers)
4. amplfy signals easily

Question 5

steps of activation

Answer 5

1 ligand and recptor localized on cell
2 both bind
3 recptor conformational change
4 geometry change to open activation
5 trigger downstream signaling

Question 6

deactivatate receptor/ligands (ways to)

Answer 6

many paths
1. Isolate receptor from intracellular signaling
2. Isolate receptor from ligand
3. Isolate ligand from receptor
4. Deactivate the receptor
5. Inhibit the receptor with another pathway
6. Ligand disassociates from the receptor

Question 7

Acivate downstream signaling (steps to)

Answer 7

6 recepror and seondary messengar bind
7 seondary messengar activation
8 messengars are amplfied
9 messengars trigger outcome (migration, transcirption, translation, etc.)

Question 8

deactivatate intracellular signaling (ways to)

Answer 8

1. Isolate receptor from secondary messenger
2. Isolate secondary messenger from its effectors
3. Deactivate the receptor
4. Inhibit the secondary messenger with another
   pathway
5. Post-translational modification
6. Control lifespan of secondary messenger